Abstract. Soil erosion is a serious problem worldwide, as it jeopardizes soil fertility and thus food security. At the same time, agriculture itself is one of the biggest drivers of soil erosion, and vineyards in particular are vulnerable due to often steep slopes, fragile soils, and management practices. Therefore, the search for alternative management practices becomes vital. Since soil erosion is reduced by vegetation cover, this also applies to moss cover. However, research on the restoration and protection of bare soil using mosses as erosion control is still in its infancy. In this study, the restoration of mosses was investigated by applying artificially cultivated moss mats in a temperate vineyard. The effects of moss restoration on surface runoff and sediment discharge were examined compared to bare soil and cover crops using rainfall simulations at three measurement times during one year (April, June, and October). Additionally, soil water content was monitored for each treatment during all rainfall simulations. Mosses initially showed considerable desiccation in summer, whereupon their growth declined. In October, the mosses recovered and re-established themselves in the vineyard, showing a high level of resistance. Moss restoration significantly reduced surface runoff by 71.4 % and sediment discharge by 75.8 % compared to bare soils. While moss restoration had a slightly better effect on reducing runoff and a slightly lower effect on reducing erosion than cover crops (68.1 % and 87.7 %, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant. Sediment discharge varied seasonally for moss restoration, especially from April to June, which is most likely due to the decline in moss cover and the foliage of the vines in June, as concentrated canopy drip points have formed on the leaves and woody surfaces of the vines, increasing erosion. In April and June, the different treatments do not significantly impact soil water content, while in October, bare soil had the highest and moss restoration the lowest soil water content. According to this, the influence of soil cover varies seasonally, with moss restoration not having a detrimental effect on the soil water content in the drier summer months, but retaining the least water in October. Overall, moss restoration proved to be an appropriate and low-maintenance alternative for erosion control, as it requires no mowing and does not reduce near-surface soil water content during summer.

中文翻译：

---

苔藓恢复对温带葡萄园土壤侵蚀和土壤含水量的影响


摘要。土壤侵蚀是世界范围内的一个严重问题，因为它危及土壤肥力，从而危及粮食安全。与此同时，农业本身是水土流失的最大驱动因素之一，由于陡峭的斜坡、脆弱的土壤和管理措施，葡萄园尤其容易受到影响。因此，寻找替代管理实践变得至关重要。由于植被覆盖可以减少土壤侵蚀，因此这也适用于苔藓覆盖。然而，利用苔藓控制侵蚀来恢复和保护裸露土壤的研究仍处于起步阶段。在这项研究中，通过在温带葡萄园中应用人工栽培的苔藓垫来研究苔藓的恢复。使用一年内三个测量时间（四月、六月和十月）的降雨模拟，检查苔藓恢复对地表径流和沉积物排放的影响，与裸露土壤和覆盖作物进行比较。此外，在所有降雨模拟期间，对每种处理的土壤含水量进行监测。苔藓最初在夏季表现出相当程度的干燥，随后它们的生长速度下降。十月，苔藓在葡萄园中恢复并重新生长，表现出高水平的抵抗力。与裸土相比，苔藓恢复显着减少了地表径流 71.4% 和泥沙排放量 75.8%。虽然与覆盖作物相比，苔藓恢复在减少径流方面的效果稍好，在减少侵蚀方面的效果略低（分别为 68.1% 和 87.7%），但这些差异在统计上并不显着。 苔藓恢复的沉积物排放量随季节变化，特别是四月至六月，这很可能是由于六月苔藓覆盖和藤蔓叶子的减少，因为叶子和藤蔓木质表面形成了集中的树冠滴水点，侵蚀加剧。 4月和6月，不同处理对土壤含水量影响不显着，10月，裸土土壤含水量最高，苔藓恢复最低。据此，土壤覆盖的影响随季节变化，在干燥的夏季，苔藓恢复对土壤含水量没有不利影响，但在十月份保留的水分最少。总体而言，苔藓恢复被证明是一种适当且低维护的侵蚀控制替代方案，因为它不需要割草，并且在夏季不会减少近地表土壤含水量。