Heterogeneity in transporting interfaces and perovskites poses a substantial challenge in improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells from small to large scales, a key barrier to their commercial use. Here we find that the amorphous phases of self-assembling molecules (SAMs) can realize a more homogeneous perovskite growth. Hyperspectral analysis confirms a narrower and blueshifted photoluminescence peak distribution in perovskite/amorphous SAMs. Additionally, fluence-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence reveals a reduced trap-assisted recombination rate of 0.5 × 10⁶ s⁻¹ in amorphous-SAM-based perovskite films. This improvement translates to p–i–n structured perovskite solar cells achieving an efficiency of 25.20% (certified at 24.35%) over a one-square-centimetre area. These cells maintain nearly 100% efficiency after 600 h of 1-sun maximum power point tracking under the ISOS-L-1 protocol, and retain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h, as evaluated by the ISOS-T-2 protocol.

传输界面和钙钛矿的异质性对从小规模到大规模提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率提出了重大挑战，这是其商业应用的关键障碍。在这里，我们发现自组装分子（SAM）的非晶相可以实现更均匀的钙钛矿生长。高光谱分析证实钙钛矿/非晶 SAM 中的光致发光峰分布较窄且发生蓝移。此外，注量依赖的时间分辨光致发光揭示了非晶-SAM基钙钛矿薄膜中陷阱辅助复合率降低至0.5 × 10 ⁶ s ^-1 。这一改进意味着 p-i-n 结构钙钛矿太阳能电池在一平方厘米的面积上实现了 25.20% 的效率（认证为 24.35%）。根据 ISOS-L-1 协议进行 600 小时的 1-sun 最大功率点跟踪后，这些电池保持近 100% 的效率，并在 1,000 小时后保持其初始效率的 90%（根据 ISOS-T-2 协议评估）。