The Middle East is a region of chronic insecurity due to internal and external tensions. These tensions and insecurity have made the Middle East one of the world's leading regions in military armaments. This study investigates the stochastic convergence of military burden in 10 selected Middle Eastern countries using comprehensive unit root analysis. Stochastic convergence for each country from 1977 to 2020 is examined using conventional, structural break, nonlinear, and Fourier‐based unit root tests. Empirical results provide strong evidence of convergence with regional averages in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. There is also some evidence of convergence in the case of Israel, Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Turkiye. However, evidence for the existence of convergence in Iran and Jordan is weak.

中文翻译：

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中东国家和土耳其的军费开支是否趋同？全面的单位根检验分析


由于内外紧张局势，中东是一个长期不安全的地区。这些紧张局势和不安全局势使中东成为世界军事装备领先的地区之一。本研究利用综合单位根分析调查了 10 个选定的中东国家军事负担的随机收敛情况。使用传统的结构断裂、非线性和基于傅里叶的单位根检验来检查 1977 年至 2020 年每个国家的随机收敛性。实证结果提供了强有力的证据，证明巴林、沙特阿拉伯和阿曼的地区平均水平趋于一致。以色列、埃及、科威特、黎巴嫩和土耳其的情况也有一些趋同的证据。然而，伊朗和约旦存在趋同的证据还很薄弱。