Increasing dietary calcium intakes of Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA) is a public health priority for reducing pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. Using linear programming, we determined whether locally available foods consumed by WRA in nine regions (urban and rural) and two administrative cities of Ethiopia could provide 1000 mg/day of dietary calcium, and we identified food-based recommendations (FBRs) to improve dietary calcium adequacy in each region. Results showed that diets providing 1000 mg/day of calcium were feasible in eight regions (40%) of the target populations examined. It would, however, require marked changes for most populations (90%), increasing the number of servings per week of several food groups to levels close to those of high consumers in each population. The selected calcium-specific FBRs integrate well into the 2022 Ethiopian Dietary Guidelines, requiring additional messages to consume green leafy vegetables, milk, root crops, or teff (Eragrostis tef) or to consume a higher number of servings of vegetables than currently recommended, depending on the population. In conclusion, these analyses show that a food-based approach can be used to achieve dietary calcium adequacy among WRA in 40% of the populations examined. For the other populations, food-based interventions alone may be inadequate and other interventions are likely needed.

中文翻译：

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使用当地食品优化埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女钙摄入量的基于食物的膳食指南


增加埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女 （WRA） 的膳食钙摄入量是减少妊娠期先兆子痫的公共卫生重点。使用线性规划，我们确定了 WRA 在埃塞俄比亚的 9 个地区（城市和农村）和 2 个行政城市消费的当地可得食品是否可以提供 1000 毫克/天的膳食钙，并确定了基于食物的建议 （FBR） 以提高每个地区的膳食钙充足性。结果表明，提供 1000 毫克/天的钙的饮食在接受检查的目标人群的八个地区 （40%） 是可行的。然而，这需要对大多数人群 （90%） 进行显着改变，将几个食物类别的每周份量增加到接近每个人群中高消费者的水平。选定的钙特异性 FBR 很好地融入了 2022 年埃塞俄比亚膳食指南，要求食用绿叶蔬菜、牛奶、块根作物或画眉草 （Eragrostis tef） 或食用比目前推荐的蔬菜份数更多的蔬菜，具体取决于人群。总之，这些分析表明，在 40% 的受检人群中，可以使用基于食物的方法来实现 WRA 的膳食钙充足性。对于其他人群，仅靠基于食物的干预措施可能是不够的，可能需要其他干预措施。