Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic reprogramming to support their rapid growth and survival. This study examines important metabolic pathways like glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutaminolysis, and lipid metabolism, focusing on how they are regulated and their contributions to the development of tumors. The interplay between oncogenes, tumor suppressors, epigenetic modifications, and the tumor microenvironment in modulating these pathways is examined. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cancer metabolism, presenting inhibitors of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, LDH, and glucose transport, alongside emerging strategies targeting oxidative phosphorylation and lipid synthesis. Despite the promise, challenges such as metabolic plasticity and the need for combination therapies and robust biomarkers persist, underscoring the necessity for continued research in this dynamic field.

中文翻译：

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癌症代谢的改变：对能量途径和治疗目标的见解


癌细胞经历显着的代谢重编程以支持其快速生长和存活。这项研究检查了重要的代谢途径，如糖酵解、氧化磷酸化、谷氨酰胺分解和脂质代谢，重点关注它们的调节方式及其对肿瘤发展的贡献。研究了癌基因、肿瘤抑制因子、表观遗传修饰和调节这些途径的肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用。此外，我们还讨论了针对癌症代谢的治疗潜力，提出了糖酵解、谷氨酰胺分解、TCA 循环、脂肪酸氧化、LDH 和葡萄糖转运的抑制剂，以及针对氧化磷酸化和脂质合成的新兴策略。尽管前景广阔，但代谢可塑性以及对联合疗法和强大生物标志物的需求等挑战仍然存在，这凸显了在这个充满活力的领域继续研究的必要性。