Pedogenic minerals reflect the environmental conditions that prevailed during soil formation. The present study investigates the clay mineral composition of the fine clay fraction separated from four soil profiles in the Tatra Mountains, Poland. All profiles were developed from granitoids or granitic moraines and were classified as Podzols. The clay fraction (<0.2 μm) was separated from each soil horizon by centrifugation after removing carbonates, organic matter, and poorly crystalline iron phases through reactions with sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer, sodium hypochlorite, and citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, respectively. The obtained clay fraction was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, chemical analysis, and cation exchange capacity measurements. The dominant mineral in the studied samples was illite–smectite, followed by dioctahedral mica and kaolinite. Hydroxy-interlayering was observed within the mixed-layer minerals. Chlorite and gibbsite were also detected in some horizons. Selected XRD patterns were modeled using Sybilla software. Layer charge measurements of the expandable component of the samples indicated values corresponding to low-charge vermiculite/high-charge smectite, with these values being uniform for all investigated samples. The uniformity of the layer charge values may reflect the uniformity of the parent material or the uniformity of processes controlling the chemistry of the weathered part of the mica structure. The general absence of discrete smectite, despite the presence of kaolinite (and gibbsite), suggests that smectite may not be stable under the acidic conditions prevailing in the alpine Podzols of the Tatra Mountains.

中文翻译：

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塔特拉山 （波兰） Podzols 中环境条件与成山层硅酸盐之间的联系 – I. 矿物学


成胎矿物反映了土壤形成过程中普遍存在的环境条件。本研究调查了从波兰塔特拉山的四个土壤剖面中分离出的细粘土部分的粘土矿物组成。所有剖面均由花岗岩类或花岗岩冰碛发育而来，并被归类为灰化土。分别与乙酸钠-乙酸缓冲液、次氯酸钠和柠檬酸盐-碳酸氢盐-连二亚硫酸盐反应去除碳酸盐、有机物和结晶性差的铁相，通过离心从每个土壤层位分离粘土组分 （<0.2 μm）。然后使用 X 射线衍射 （XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析、化学分析和阳离子交换容量测量对获得的粘土馏分进行表征。研究样品中的主要矿物是伊利石-蒙脱石，其次是二八面体云母和高岭石。在混合层矿物中观察到羟基层。在一些地层中还检测到了绿泥石和三水铝石。使用 Sybilla 软件对选定的 XRD 图谱进行建模。样品可膨胀成分的层电荷测量表明对应于低电荷蛭石/高电荷蒙脱石的值，这些值对于所有研究的样品都是统一的。层电荷值的均匀性可能反映了母体材料的均匀性或控制云母结构风化部分化学性质的过程的均匀性。尽管存在高岭石（和三水石），但通常不存在离散的蒙脱石，这表明蒙脱石在塔特拉山脉高山灰化土盛行的酸性条件下可能不稳定。