The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental risk factor that affects thrombotic phenotypes in several cardiovascular diseases. Evidence includes the identification of marker species by sequencing studies of the gut microbiomes of patients with thrombotic disease, the influence of antithrombotic therapies on gut microbial diversity, and preclinical studies in mouse models of thrombosis that have demonstrated the functional effects of the gut microbiota on vascular inflammatory phenotypes and thrombus formation. In addition to impaired gut barrier function promoting low-grade inflammation, gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to act on vascular cell types and promote thrombus formation. Therefore, these meta-organismal pathways that link the metabolic capacities of gut microorganisms with host immune functions have emerged as potential diagnostic markers and novel drug targets. In this Review, we discuss the link between the gut microbiota, its metabolites and thromboembolic diseases.

肠道微生物群已成为影响多种心血管疾病血栓表型的环境危险因素。证据包括通过对血栓性疾病患者肠道微生物群进行测序研究来鉴定标记物种、抗血栓治疗对肠道微生物多样性的影响，以及在血栓形成小鼠模型中进行的临床前研究，这些研究证明了肠道微生物群对血管的功能影响炎症表型和血栓形成。除了肠道屏障功能受损导致低度炎症外，肠道微生物群衍生的代谢物已被证明可以作用于血管细胞类型并促进血栓形成。因此，这些将肠道微生物的代谢能力与宿主免疫功能联系起来的元生物途径已成为潜在的诊断标志物和新的药物靶标。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠道微生物群及其代谢物与血栓栓塞性疾病之间的联系。