Exploring social norms through a diversity perspective, this review examines whether minorities live in ‘tighter’ worlds, wherein they are subject to stricter rules and punishments. Integrating research from psychology, economics, and organizational behavior, we first examine whether minorities are more likely to have tightness imposed on them—i.e., receive more monitoring and harsher penalties in response to norm violations, compared to their majority counterparts. Turning to the subjective experience of minority group members, we explore whether minorities are calibrated to these penalties and experience greater lived tightness—the feeling of being chronically surveilled, judged harshly, and fearing excessive punishment for wrongdoing. We suggest that both imposed and lived tightness contributes to power inequalities and patterns of segregation. This framework helps to organize disparate research streams investigating minorities' experience of social norms, and highlights unanswered questions about when, and why, minority group members feel more constrained by social rules, as well as the consequences of these experiences for their economic and psychological well-being.

中文翻译：

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多数决定：少数群体生活在“更紧密”的社会世界中吗？


这篇评论通过多元化的视角探索社会规范，探讨少数群体是否生活在“更严格”的世界中，在这个世界中他们受到更严格的规则和惩罚。综合心理学、经济学和组织行为学的研究，我们首先研究少数群体是否更有可能受到严格的约束——即，与多数群体相比，少数群体因违反规范而受到更多的监控和更严厉的惩罚。转向少数群体成员的主观体验，我们探讨少数群体是否适应了这些惩罚，并经历了更大的生活紧张感——长期受到监视、严厉评判的感觉，以及担心因不当行为而受到过度惩罚的感觉。我们认为，强制的和生活的紧张都会导致权力不平等和隔离模式。该框架有助于组织不同的研究流，调查少数群体对社会规范的体验，并强调尚未解答的问题，即少数群体成员何时以及为何感到更多受到社会规则的约束，以及这些经历对其经济和心理健康的影响-存在。