Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are hopeful energy storage devices due to their low cost and high energy density. However, the side reactions and the growth of dendrites at the anode limit the electrochemical performance of AZIBs. Optimizing the electrode process is crucial for enhancing the performance of AZIBs. Zn²⁺ ions are transported between the cathode and anode through the electrolyte under the influence of an electric field. Zn²⁺ ions undergo desolvation and are preferentially deposited at zincophilic sites. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the electrode process. This paper reviews the optimization strategies for each step of the electrode process. Initially, the challenges faced by anodes are presented in a categorized manner. Secondly, the electrode process is clarified, including the diffusion of Zn²⁺ in the electrolyte and surface homogenization at the anode. The desolvation of Zn²⁺ before deposition and the preferential deposition at the zincophilic sites are also explained. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives of Zn²⁺ deposition in AZIBs are addressed. It is expected that this review will provide effective strategies for constructing high-performance AZIBs.

中文翻译：

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高效锌金属阳极的电极工艺调节


水系锌离子电池（AZIB）因其低成本和高能量密度而成为有希望的储能设备。然而，副反应和阳极枝晶的生长限制了AZIBs的电化学性能。优化电极工艺对于提高 AZIB 的性能至关重要。 Zn ²⁺离子在电场的影响下通过电解质在阴极和阳极之间传输。 Zn ²⁺离子经历去溶剂化并优先沉积在亲锌位点。近年来，在改进电极工艺方面取得了重大进展。本文回顾了电极过程每个步骤的优化策略。首先，阳极面临的挑战以分类方式呈现。其次，阐明了电极过程，包括Zn ²⁺在电解液中的扩散和阳极的表面均质化。 Zn ²⁺在沉积前的去溶剂化和在亲锌位点的优先沉积也得到了解释。最后，讨论了 AZIB 中 Zn ²⁺沉积的挑战和未来前景。预计本次审查将为构建高性能 AZIB 提供有效策略。