Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal gynecological malignancies, with high mortality primarily due to its aggressive nature, frequent metastasis, and resistance to standard therapies. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these processes. EVs, secreted by living organisms and carrying versatile and bioactive cargoes, play a vital role in intercellular communication. Functionally, the transfer of cargoes orchestrates multiple processes that actively affect not only the primary tumor but also local and distant pre-metastatic niche. Furthermore, their unique biological properties position EVs as novel therapeutic targets and promising drug delivery systems, with potential profound implications for cancer patients. This review summarizes recent progress in EV biology, delving into the intricate mechanisms by which EVs contribute to OC metastasis and drug resistance. It also explores the latest advances and therapeutic potential of EVs in the clinical context of OC. Despite the progress made, EV research in OC remains in its nascent stages. Consequently, this review presents existing research limitations and suggests avenues for future investigation. Altogether, the review aims to elucidate the critical roles of EVs in OC and spotlight their promising potential in this field.

中文翻译：

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揭开细胞外囊泡网络：深入了解卵巢癌转移和化疗耐药性


卵巢癌（OC）是最常见和最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，其高死亡率主要是由于其侵袭性、频繁转移和对标准疗法的耐药性。最近的研究强调了细胞外囊泡（EV）在这些过程中的关键作用。 EV 由生物体分泌并携带多功能和生物活性物质，在细胞间通讯中发挥着至关重要的作用。从功能上讲，货物的转移协调多个过程，不仅积极影响原发肿瘤，而且还积极影响局部和远处的转移前生态位。此外，其独特的生物学特性使 EV 成为新型治疗靶点和有前途的药物输送系统，对癌症患者具有潜在的深远影响。这篇综述总结了 EV 生物学的最新进展，深入探讨了 EV 导致 OC 转移和耐药性的复杂机制。它还探讨了 EV 在 OC 临床背景下的最新进展和治疗潜力。尽管取得了进展，OC 中的电动汽车研究仍处于初级阶段。因此，这篇综述提出了现有研究的局限性，并提出了未来研究的途径。总而言之，本次审查旨在阐明电动汽车在 OC 中的关键作用，并强调其在该领域的巨大潜力。