Unexpectedly abundant remains of herbivorous therapsids in the Late Triassic strata of southern Poland have significantly supplemented knowledge of their evolution. The skeletal morphology of the Late Norian (or Rhaetian) dicynodont Lisowicia bojani supports its close relationship to the Carnian Woznikella, both known from the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. Three evolutionary lineages of dicynodonts—Laurasian–Gondwanan Rhadiodromus klimovi → Jachaleria candelariensis lineage, Laurasian lineage Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis → Lisowicia bojani, and the Gondwanan lineage Kannemeyeria simocephalus → Dinodontosaurus brevirostris—are distinguished based on characters of cranial and postcranial elements. In the lineages characterized by the parietal oval in cross-section and the two distinct articulations on the sternum, there is a tendency to exclude the frontal from the orbital margin and to reduce the number of sacral vertebrae. In the lineage with the parietal narrow and triangular in cross-section, the frontal forms part of the orbit margin, there is a single joint on the sternum, and there is a tendency towards flattening the skull roof. In both lineages the shoulder girdle is convergently modified, the acromion process decreased, and joints on the sternum moved posteriorly.

中文翻译：

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晚三叠世巨型二齿兽利索维西亚的骨学和关系


波兰南部晚三叠世地层中出乎意料地丰富的食草兽孔类遗迹极大地补充了有关其进化的知识。晚期诺里安（或雷蒂亚）二齿兽 Lisowicia bojani 的骨骼形态支持其与卡尼安沃兹尼克拉的密切关系，两者都来自日耳曼盆地的波兰部分。 Three evolutionary lineages of dicynodonts—Laurasian–Gondwanan Rhadiodromus klimovi → Jachaleria candelariensis lineage, Laurasian lineage Shaanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis → Lisowicia bojani, and the Gondwanan lineage Kannemeyeria simocephalus → Dinodontosaurus brevirostris—are distinguished based on characters of cranial and postcranial elements.在以横截面顶骨椭圆形和胸骨上两个不同关节为特征的谱系中，存在将额骨从眶缘排除并减少骶椎数量的趋势。在顶骨横截面狭窄且呈三角形的谱系中，额骨构成眼眶边缘的一部分，胸骨上只有一个关节，头盖骨有扁平化的趋势。在这两个谱系中，肩带都发生了会聚性改变，肩峰突起减小，胸骨上的关节向后移动。