Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are food ingredients that improve human health, but their degradation throughout the human small intestine is not well understood. We studied the breakdown kinetics of FOS and GOS in the intestines of seven healthy Dutch adults. Subjects were equipped with a catheter in the distal ileum or proximal colon and consumed 5 g of chicory-derived FOS (degree of polymerization (DP) DP2–10), and 5 g of GOS (DP2–6). Postprandially, intestinal content was frequently collected until 350 min and analyzed for mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. FOS and GOS had recoveries of 96 ± 25% and 76 ± 28%, respectively. FOS DP ≥ 2 and GOS DP ≥ 3 abundances in the distal small intestine or proximal colon matched the consumed doses, while GOS dimers (DP2) had lower recoveries, namely 22.8 ± 11.1% for β-D-gal-(1↔1)-α-D-glc+β-D-gal-(1↔1)-β-D-glc, 19.3 ± 19.1% for β-D-gal-(1 → 2)-D-glc+β-D-gal-(1 → 3)-D-glc, 43.7 ± 24.6% for β-D-gal-(1 → 6)-D-gal, and 68.0 ± 38.5% for β-D-gal-(1 → 4)-D-gal. Lactose was still present in the distal small intestine of all of the participants. To conclude, FOS DP ≥ 2 and GOS DP ≥ 3 were not degraded in the small intestine of healthy adults, while most prebiotic GOS DP2 was hydrolyzed in a structure-dependent manner. We provide evidence on the resistances of GOS with specific β-linkages in the human intestine, supporting the development of GOS prebiotics that resist small intestine digestion.

中文翻译：

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人类小肠中益生元果糖和低聚半乳糖的详细分析


低聚半乳糖（GOS）和低聚果糖（FOS）是改善人类健康的食品成分，但它们在人体小肠中的降解情况尚不清楚。我们研究了 7 名健康荷兰成年人肠道中 FOS 和 GOS 的分解动力学。受试者在远端回肠或近端结肠中配备导管，并消耗 5 g 菊苣来源的 FOS（聚合度 (DP) DP2-10）和 5 g GOS (DP2-6)。餐后，经常收集肠道内容物直至 350 分钟，并分析单糖、二糖和寡糖。 FOS 和 GOS 的回收率分别为 96 ± 25% 和 76 ± 28%。远端小肠或近端结肠中 FOS DP ≥ 2 和 GOS DP ≥ 3 丰度与消耗剂量相匹配，而 GOS 二聚体 (DP2) 的回收率较低，即 β-D-gal-(1↔1) 的回收率为 22.8 ± 11.1% -α-D-glc+β-D-gal-(1↔1)-β-D-glc, β-D-gal-(1 → 2)-D-glc+β-D- 为 19.3 ± 19.1% gal-(1 → 3)-D-glc，β-D-gal-(1 → 6)-D-gal 为 43.7 ± 24.6%，β-D-gal-(1 → 4) 为 68.0 ± 38.5% -D-加仑。所有参与者的远端小肠中仍然存在乳糖。总之，FOS DP ≥ 2 和 GOS DP ≥ 3 在健康成人的小肠中不会降解，而大多数益生元 GOS DP2 以结构依赖性方式水解。我们提供了 GOS 在人体肠道中具有特定 β 连接的抵抗力的证据，支持开发抵抗小肠消化的 GOS 益生元。