Air pollution is associated with vision loss in children, but the relationship with vision trajectories has not been explored. The study was conducted as a prospective cohort in 16 districts of Shanghai from 2021 to 2023, involving 5612 children with complete survey data. Each child underwent 3–4 eye tests, including unaided visual acuity and computerized refraction. Children's air pollutant exposure levels (PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, NO2, and CO) were assessed using school addresses and examination dates. Latent class mixture modeling was used to identify the trajectories of changes in vision-related measurements in children. Multinomial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine the association of air pollutant exposure and visual trajectories, as well as visual impairment outcomes. The study identified three trajectory categories for children's unaided visual acuity, spherical equivalent, and four trajectory categories for axial length. Increased levels of PM2.5, PM10, O3, and SO2 exposure are associated with an increased risk of categorizing vision-related measurements into the "poor" category trajectory in children. Increased exposure to PM2.5, O3, and NO2 was associated with an increased risk of visual impairment outcomes in children with normal vision at baseline, and the effect was more significant in female and older children.

中文翻译：

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空气污染物暴露与儿童的视觉轨迹和视力障碍有关


空气污染与儿童视力丧失有关，但尚未探索与视力轨迹的关系。该研究于 2021 年至 2023 年在上海 16 个区作为前瞻性队列进行，涉及 5612 名具有完整调查数据的儿童。每个孩子都接受了 3-4 次眼科检查，包括独立视力和计算机屈光。使用学校地址和考试日期评估儿童的空气污染物暴露水平（PM2.5、PM10、O3、SO2、NO2 和 CO）。潜在类别混合模型用于识别儿童视觉相关测量变化的轨迹。多项式 logistic 回归和 Cox 比例风险回归用于检查空气污染物暴露与视觉轨迹以及视力障碍结果之间的关联。该研究确定了儿童肉眼视力的三个轨迹类别、等效球面和轴长的四个轨迹类别。PM2.5、PM10、O3 和 SO2 暴露水平的增加与将视力相关测量归类为儿童“差”类别轨迹的风险增加有关。PM2.5、O3 和 NO2 暴露量增加与基线时视力正常儿童视力障碍结局风险增加相关，且影响在女性和年龄较大的儿童中更为显着。