Nitriles are a versatile family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds widely used in the fields of analytical, synthetic, medicinal, and polymer chemistry. Among the numerous synthetic routes, the conversion of primary alcohols into nitriles is particularly noteworthy due to its benefits of a good atom economy, a diversified substrate scope, concise reaction pathways, and satisfactory catalytic efficiency. Herein, the research progress in the methodologies for converting primary alcohols into nitriles is summarized, including conventional thermal homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous (ammonoxidation and dehydroamination) catalysis as well as emerging photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The catalyst systems, reaction mechanisms, substrate compatibility, and current limitations of the different routes are highlighted. Finally, future perspectives of nitrile production on a large-scale are proposed from the viewpoints of route characteristics, technological maturity, and fundamental research directions.

中文翻译：

---

由伯醇合成腈的最新进展


腈是一类多功能的含氮有机化合物，广泛应用于分析、合成、医药和高分子化学领域。在众多的合成路线中，伯醇转化为腈的路线尤其值得关注，因为它具有良好的原子经济性、多样化的底物范围、简洁的反应路径和令人满意的催化效率。本文总结了伯醇转化为腈的方法学的研究进展，包括传统的热均相催化和多相（氨氧化和脱氢氨化）催化以及新兴的光催化和电催化。重点介绍了不同路线的催化剂体系、反应机制、底物兼容性和当前的局限性。最后，从路线特点、技术成熟度和基础研究方向等角度提出了丁腈规模化生产的未来展望。