There is a need to develop field-scale, in situ screening technologies for assessing variations in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrations in soils at former fire training and storage sites. Field-scale Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) geophysical measurements were acquired on a transect crossing an AFFF source zone. Soil samples were acquired to determine variations in poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in soils, characterize soil texture, and create triplicate soil columns for laboratory SIP measurements. Field and laboratory observations show that SIP measurements are sensitive to the concentration of AFFF constituents associated with soil pore surface area. The specific polarizability and the phase of the SIP measurements for the laboratory samples were linearly correlated with total soil-sorbed PFAS concentration. The phase from the field SIP measurements was highest over the location of maximum PFAS concentration measured on the laboratory samples. However, a significant correlation between field-measured phase and laboratory-measured total PFAS concentration still needs to be established. These observations, along with the demonstrated sensitivity of the SIP response to the removal of soil PFAS using a methanol wash procedure, support the case for SIP characterization of AFFF source zones.

中文翻译：

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在 PFAS 污染源区进行光谱诱导极化 （SIP） 测量


需要开发现场规模的原位筛选技术，以评估前消防培训和储存地点土壤中水性成膜泡沫 （AFFF） 浓度的变化。在穿过 AFFF 源区的样带上获得场尺度光谱诱导极化 （SIP） 地球物理测量值。采集土壤样品以确定土壤中多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质 （PFAS） 浓度的变化，表征土壤质地，并创建一式三份的土壤柱用于实验室 SIP 测量。现场和实验室观察表明，SIP 测量对与土壤孔隙表面积相关的 AFFF 成分浓度很敏感。实验室样品的比极化率和 SIP 测量的相位与土壤吸附的 PFAS 总浓度呈线性相关。现场 SIP 测量的相位在实验室样品上测得的最大 PFAS 浓度位置上最高。然而，现场测量的相浓度与实验室测量的总 PFAS 浓度之间仍有待确定的显著相关性。这些观察结果，以及经证实的 SIP 响应对使用甲醇清洗程序去除土壤 PFAS 的敏感性，支持对 AFFF 源区进行 SIP 表征的情况。