Wild fruits, particularly the underutilized sloe (Prunus spinosa), are gaining interest as natural antioxidants, with residues from liqueur production being a source of bioactive compounds. This study proposes a sustainable approach for valorizing sloe residues, seeds and skins, by employing an innovative green extraction method. HPLC-ESI-QTOF and spectrophotometric techniques were used to explore the phenolic profile, highlighting the predominance of quercetin, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids (9.7–57 μg·g−1). In addition, the presence of Cu, Zn and Ca was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Simultaneously, their neuroprotective potential against Alzheimer's disease (AD) was studied by exploring the inhibition of beta-amyloid aggregation and oxidative stress cytoprotection in SH-SY5Y cell line, standing out 1 μg·g−1 and 10 μg·g−1 extracts of sloe skin. Phenolic composition was correlated with bioactivities by means of multivariate analysis. These results contributed to highlight the potential of this bio-residue as a neuroprotective agent against AD in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

中文翻译：

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通过生物分析和化学计量学策略解锁黑刺李残留物酚类提取物的体外神经保护作用


野果，尤其是未充分利用的黑刺李 （Prunus spinosa），作为天然抗氧化剂越来越受到关注，利口酒生产中的残留物是生物活性化合物的来源。本研究提出了一种可持续的方法，通过采用创新的绿色提取方法对黑刺李残留物、种子和皮肤进行估值。使用 HPLC-ESI-QTOF 和分光光度法技术探索酚类谱，突出了槲皮素、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸和阿魏酸 （9.7–57 μg·g−1） 的优势。此外，通过原子吸收光谱证实了 Cu、Zn 和 Ca 的存在。同时，通过探索 SH-SY5Y 细胞系中 β-淀粉样蛋白聚集和氧化应激细胞保护作用，突出 1 μg·g-1 和 10 μg·g-1 黑刺李皮肤提取物，研究它们对阿尔茨海默病 （AD） 的神经保护潜力。酚类成分通过多变量分析与生物活性相关。这些结果有助于突出这种生物残留物在制药和营养保健品行业中作为抗 AD 的神经保护剂的潜力。