The objective of this study was to investigate the difference between lean and obese dogs in terms of their satiety hormones, serum metabolome, and fecal microbiome. Mixed-breed lean (n = 30; 17 male and 13 female; 4.0 ± 2.5 yr of age; 24.6 ± 6.3% body fat) and obese (n = 30; 19 male and 11 female; 7.3 ± 2.1 yr of age; 46.9 ± 3.9% body fat) adult dogs were used in this study. Blood samples were collected to measure satiety hormones and serum metabolome, and fresh fecal samples were collected for microbiome analysis. It was hypothesized that obese dogs had altered metabolism and gut microbiome compared with lean dogs. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS, using body type as the fixed effect and dog as the random effect. Results showed that obese dogs had greater (P < 0.05) serum leptin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations, but reduced (P < 0.05) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) than lean dogs. Serum concentrations of all essential amino acids except for threonine in obese dogs were greater (P < 0.05) than in lean dogs. Obese dogs also had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of serum N-Lactoyl amino acids and dipeptides except for prolylglycine than their lean counterparts. Additionally, concentrations of serum long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were less (P < 0.05; only for myristate, pentadecanoate, and non-adecanoate) or similar in obese dogs compared with lean dogs. Serum oxidative stress makers, such as oxidized glutathione, cysteine-glutathione, and 4-hydroxynonenal, were greater (P < 0.05) in obese dogs than lean dogs. Furthermore, obese dogs had less (P < 0.05) fecal Firmicutes, but greater (P < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, compared with lean dogs. There were no differences (P > 0.10) in fecal microbiome alpha diversity, such as Chao1 and Shannon index, between lean and obese dogs. In conclusion, obese dogs had differential body metabolism and gut microbiome compared with lean dogs.

中文翻译：

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PSIX-12 肥胖对成年犬饱腹感激素、血清代谢组和粪便微生物组的影响


本研究的目的是调查瘦狗和肥胖狗在饱腹感、血清代谢组和粪便微生物组方面的差异。本研究使用了混种瘦狗（n = 30;17 只雄性和 13 只雌性;4.0 ± 2.5 岁;24.6 ± 6.3% 体脂）和肥胖（n = 30;19 只雄性和 11 只雌性;7.3 ± 2.1 岁;46.9 ± 3.9% 体脂）在这项研究中使用了成年狗。收集血样测量饱腹感激素和血清代谢组，收集新鲜粪便样本进行微生物组分析。据推测，与瘦狗相比，肥胖的狗改变了新陈代谢和肠道微生物组。使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序分析数据，以体型为固定效应，以狗为随机效应。结果显示，与瘦狗相比，肥胖犬的血清瘦素、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-1 （IGF-1） 浓度较高 （P < 0.05），但胃抑制肽 （GIP） 降低 （P < 0.05）。肥胖犬除苏氨酸外的所有必需氨基酸的血清浓度均高于瘦狗 （P < 0.05）。肥胖狗的血清 N-乳酰氨基酸和二肽浓度也高于瘦狗 （P < 0.05），但脯氨甘氨酸除外。此外，与瘦狗相比，肥胖狗的血清长链饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸浓度较低 （P < 0.05;仅适用于肉豆蔻酸盐、十五碳酸盐和非癸酸盐）或相似。肥胖狗的血清氧化应激制造者，如氧化谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸-谷胱甘肽和 4-羟基壬烯醛，比瘦狗更大 （P < 0.05）。此外，与瘦狗相比，肥胖犬的粪便厚壁菌门较少 （P < 0.05），但粪便拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门较多 （P < 0.05）。 瘦狗和肥胖狗的粪便微生物组 α 多样性（如 Chao1 和 Shannon 指数）没有差异 （P > 0.10）。总之，与瘦狗相比，肥胖狗的身体代谢和肠道微生物组存在差异。