Apoptosis is the most prominent mode of programmed cell death and is necessary for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. During cell apoptosis, a distinctive population of extracellular vesicles is generated, termed apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). ApoVs inherit a variety of biological molecules such as proteins, RNAs, nuclear components, lipids, and gasotransmitters from their parent cells. ApoVs have shown promising therapeutic potential for inflammation, tumors, immune disorders, and tissue regeneration. In addition, apoVs can be used as drug carriers, vaccine development, and disease diagnosis. Recently, apoVs have been used in clinical trials to treat a variety of diseases, such as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and the regeneration of functional alveolar bone. Here, we review the history of apoV research, current preclinical and clinical studies, and the potential issues of apoV application.

中文翻译：

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凋亡囊泡：治疗机制和关键问题


细胞凋亡是程序性细胞死亡最突出的方式，是维持组织稳态所必需的。在细胞凋亡过程中，会产生一个独特的细胞外囊泡群，称为凋亡囊泡 （apoVs）。ApoV 从其亲本细胞继承了多种生物分子，例如蛋白质、RNA、核成分、脂质和气体递质。ApoV 在炎症、肿瘤、免疫疾病和组织再生方面显示出有前途的治疗潜力。此外，apoV 可用作药物载体、疫苗开发和疾病诊断。最近，apoVs 已被用于临床试验，用于治疗多种疾病，例如颞下颌关节骨关节炎和功能性牙槽骨的再生。在这里，我们回顾了 apoV 研究的历史、当前的临床前和临床研究以及 apoV 应用的潜在问题。