The mixed culture of and were found to improve lignocellulase production and ameliorate the composition (Fang et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2018) [1-3]. However, the mechanism behind remained unclear. Here we conducted multi-omics study of the mixed culture to elucidate the mechanism comprehensively, including proteomics of the secretomes, metabolomics of the fermentation broths and transcriptomics. The mechanisms at transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic levels were clarified. Proteomics show many proteins in the secretomes were up-regulated by the mix culture of and , and lignocellulase production and the composition were improved, but the protein numbers and abundances of the lignocellulases were reduced. Transcriptomics demonstrate that lignocellulase gene expressions, stress responses and anti-stress were co-regulated in , and that most lignocellulase genes in were up-regulated and most lignocellulase genes were down-regulated. Metabolomics reveal the chemicals and the mechanism of the communication between and in the mixed culture for improved lignocellulase production. The secondary metabolites such as p-cresol, nodularin and tolazoline could play important roles. Integrative analyses indicate that the secondary metabolites, stress-response, anti-stress, starch and sucrose metabolism and lignocellulase gene expressions were orchestrated. As a result, the roles of and in the mixed culture were defined. The mechanism of the mixed culture for improved lignocellulase production was obtained, in short was the major role and the minor. This work provides theory and targets as basis to obtain complete understanding of the mechanism and guide engineering of the microbial consortium of and for further improvements.

中文翻译：

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里氏木霉和黑曲霉混合培养提高木质纤维素酶产量的多组学研究


研究发现 和 的混合培养可以提高木质纤维素酶的产量并改善其组成（Fang et al., 2010；Fang et al., 2013；Zhao et al., 2018）[1-3]。然而，其背后的机制仍不清楚。我们对混合培养物进行了多组学研究，以全面阐明其机制，包括分泌组的蛋白质组学、发酵液的代谢组学和转录组学。转录、蛋白质组和代谢组水平的机制得到阐明。蛋白质组学显示，与 的混合培养使分泌组中的许多蛋白质上调，木质纤维素酶的产量和组成得到改善，但木质纤维素酶的蛋白质数量和丰度降低。转录组学表明，木质纤维素酶基因表达、应激反应和抗应激是共同调节的，并且大多数木质纤维素酶基因上调，大多数木质纤维素酶基因下调。代谢组学揭示了化学物质以及混合培养物之间和混合培养物中的通讯机制，以提高木质纤维素酶的产量。对甲酚、球菌素和妥拉唑啉等次生代谢产物可能发挥重要作用。综合分析表明，次级代谢产物、应激反应、抗应激、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及木质纤维素酶基因表达是精心策划的。结果，混合文化的角色和在混合文化中的角色被定义。得出了混合培养提高木质纤维素酶产量的机理，简而言之，是为主、次要的作用。这项工作为全面了解微生物群落的机制、指导微生物群落工程和进一步改进提供了理论和目标基础。