This paper reviews the performance of geopolymer catalysts for biodiesel production. The limited review reports on this topic have been noticed in the published literature, and it is highly required to critically review the published work on this topic so that improvements can be made and new gaps in the field can be highlighted. Various types of geopolymers such as K/Zeo-Geo, Na-geopolymer, K-geopolymer, Na-K-geopolymer, CaO-geopolymer, and K/GP were developed in different forms to produce biodiesel using various oils (soybean oil, canola oil, refined soybean oil, spent cooking oil (SCO), sunflower waste cooking oil, and ). Geopolymer catalysts showed porous structure with surface area within the range of 5–106 m/g. The biodiesel yield using geopolymer catalysts ranges from 43.5 % to 99.2 %, with the optimum catalyst dosage of 1.5–10 wt%, temperature of 40–120 °C, methanol/oil ratio of 9:1–16:1, and time of 1.5–6 h. Geopolymer catalysts performed very well in biodiesel production, and their performance is comparable to other catalysts of HZSM-5 zeolite nanosheets, Faujasite zeolite Na-X, Ni/zeolite, and coal fly ash-zinc oxide composite. The future challenges for geopolymer catalyst research are the improvement of the performance of the developed catalysts, the development of efficient porous solid geopolymer catalysts for biodiesel production from non-edible oils, the development of multitasking geopolymer catalysts, the development of highly regenerative geopolymer catalysts, and the testing of geopolymer catalysts in pilot plants for practical biodiesel production.

中文翻译：

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用于生物柴油生产的地质聚合物催化剂的性能综述


本文综述了用于生物柴油生产的地质聚合物催化剂的性能。在已发表的文献中注意到关于该主题的有限审查报告，非常需要严格审查关于该主题的已发表工作，以便做出改进并突出该领域的新差距。以不同形式开发了各种类型的地质聚合物，例如 K/Zeo-Geo、Na-地质聚合物、K-地质聚合物、Na-K-地质聚合物、CaO-地质聚合物和 K/GP，以使用各种油（大豆油、菜籽油）生产生物柴油。油，精炼大豆油，废食用油（SCO），葵花籽废食用油，和）。地质聚合物催化剂表现出多孔结构，表面积在 5-106 m/g 范围内。采用地质聚合物催化剂，最佳催化剂用量为1.5~10 wt%、温度为40~120 ℃、甲醇/油比为9:1~16:1、反应时间为43.5%~99.2%。 1.5–6 小时。地聚物催化剂在生物柴油生产中表现非常好，其性能与HZSM-5纳米片沸石、八面沸石Na-X、Ni/沸石、粉煤灰-氧化锌复合材料等其他催化剂相当。地聚合物催化剂研究未来的挑战是提高已开发催化剂的性能、开发用于非食用油生产生物柴油的高效多孔固体地聚合物催化剂、开发多任务地聚合物催化剂、开发高再生地聚合物催化剂、以及在实际生物柴油生产的中试工厂中测试地质聚合物催化剂。