As an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, the electro-Fenton (EF) process has gained significant importance in the treatment of wastewater and persistent organic pollutants in recent years. As recently reported in a bibliometric analysis, the number of scientific publications on EF have increased exponentially since 2002, reaching nearly 500 articles published in 2022 (Deng et al., 2022). The influence of the main operating parameters has been thoroughly investigated for optimization purposes, such as type of electrode materials, reactor design, current density, and type and concentration of catalyst. Even though most of the studies have been conducted at a laboratory scale, focusing on fundamental aspects and their applications to degrade specific pollutants and treat real wastewater, important large-scale attempts have also been made. This review presents and discusses the most recent advances of the EF process with special emphasis on the aspects more closely related to future implementations at the large scale, such as applications to treat real effluents (industrial and municipal wastewaters) and soil remediation, development of large-scale reactors, costs and effectiveness evaluation, and life cycle assessment. Opportunities and perspectives related to the heterogeneous EF process for real applications are also discussed. This review article aims to be a critical and exhaustive overview of the most recent developments for large-scale applications, which seeks to arouse the interest of a large scientific community and boost the development of EF systems in real environments.

中文翻译：

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Electro-Fenton 工艺大规模应用的挑战和机遇


电芬顿 （EF） 工艺作为一种电化学高级氧化工艺，近年来在废水和持久性有机污染物的处理中变得越来越重要。正如最近在文献计量分析中报道的那样，自 2002 年以来，关于 EF 的科学出版物数量呈指数级增长，到 2022 年发表的文章达到近 500 篇（邓等人，2022 年）。为了优化目的，已经彻底研究了主要操作参数的影响，例如电极材料的类型、反应器设计、电流密度以及催化剂的类型和浓度。尽管大多数研究都是在实验室规模上进行的，侧重于基本方面及其在降解特定污染物和处理真实废水方面的应用，但也进行了重要的大规模尝试。本综述介绍并讨论了 EF 过程的最新进展，特别强调了与未来大规模实施更密切相关的方面，例如处理实际污水（工业和城市废水）和土壤修复的应用、大型反应器的开发、成本和有效性评估以及生命周期评估。此外，还讨论了与实际应用的异构 EF 流程相关的机会和观点。这篇综述文章旨在对大规模应用的最新发展进行批判性和详尽的概述，旨在引起大型科学界的兴趣并促进 EF 系统在真实环境中的发展。