New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics of morphability, biomimicry, multi-modal locomotion, and manipulator attachment as NTARs. Subsequently, this paper discusses the latest research progress in the materials and manufacturing technology, actuation technology, and perception and control technology of NTARs. Thereafter, the research status of NTAR systems is summarized, focusing on the frontier development and application cases of flapping-wing micro-air vehicles, perching aerial robots, amphibious robots, and operational aerial robots. Finally, the main challenges presented by NTARs in terms of energy, materials, and perception are analyzed, and the future development trends of NTARs are summarized in terms of size and endurance, mechatronics, and complex scenarios, providing a reference direction for the follow-up exploration of NTARs.

中文翻译：

---

新型空中机器人的现状、挑战和前景


新型空中机器人 （NTAR） 已在军事、民用环境、科学研究、灾害管理和各种其他领域得到广泛应用。与传统航空机器人相比，NTAR 表现出更广泛的形态多样性、运动能力和增强的操作能力。因此，本研究将具有可变形性、仿生学、多模态运动和机械手附件四个特征的空中机器人定义为 NTARs。随后，本文讨论了 NTARs 的材料与制造技术、驱动技术以及感知与控制技术方面的最新研究进展。随后，总结了 NTAR 系统的研究现状，重点介绍了扑翼微型飞行器、栖息空中机器人、水陆两栖机器人和作战空中机器人的前沿发展和应用案例。最后，分析了 NTARs 在能量、材料和感知方面面临的主要挑战，并从尺寸和续航、机电一体化和复杂场景等方面总结了 NTARs 的未来发展趋势，为 NTARs 的后续探索提供了参考方向。