Chilled water storage offers a cost-effective and convenient solution for load flexibility of air-conditioning systems. However, its impacts on system flexibility and energy efficiency have not been comprehensively explored. In this paper, demand response (DR) potential delivered by chilled water storage was explored and predicted through both experimental and simulation studies. The initial experimental investigation focused on the DR potential at various cold charging and discharging proportions of chilled water storage. Subsequently, a virtual platform, validated through experimental data, was utilized to analyze load flexibility and energy efficiency of the system across different baseline loads, storage characteristics, and heat pump characteristics. Prediction models for DR potential in different cold charging and discharging scenarios were further developed based on the simulation results. The experimental and simulation results demonstrated effective load manage performance through adjusting charging and discharging proportions, even though the flexibility may sacrifice energy efficiency in cold discharging scenarios. In addition, the developed prediction models confirmed their feasibility with the coefficient of determination (R) exceeding 0.80 in charging scenarios and 0.90 in discharging scenarios. The analysis also revealed significant benefits from storing supply water at lower temperatures and selecting heat pumps with partial-load efficiency curves characterized by higher Pearson Correlation Coefficients.

中文翻译：

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与冷冻水存储集成的空调系统需求响应潜力的表征和预测


冷冻水储存为空调系统的负载灵活性提供了一种经济高效且便捷的解决方案。然而，其对系统灵活性和能源效率的影响尚未得到全面探讨。本文通过实验和模拟研究探索和预测了冷冻水存储带来的需求响应（DR）潜力。最初的实验研究主要集中在冷冻水储存的不同充冷比例和排水比例下的 DR 潜力。随后，利用通过实验数据验证的虚拟平台来分析系统在不同基线负载、存储特性和热泵特性上的负载灵活性和能源效率。根据仿真结果，进一步开发了不同冷充放电场景下的 DR 潜力预测模型。实验和仿真结果表明，通过调整充电和放电比例，可以实现有效的负载管理性能，尽管这种灵活性可能会牺牲冷放电场景下的能源效率。此外，所开发的预测模型证实了其可行性，充电场景的决定系数（R）超过0.80，放电场景的决定系数（R）超过0.90。分析还揭示了在较低温度下储存供水和选择具有以较高皮尔逊相关系数为特征的部分负载效率曲线的热泵的显着优势。