Fixed-bottom offshore wind is exploited as a maturing technology in many European countries. Floating wind has impressive potential for deep waters but needs technological and market development. How these two partially related technologies interact remains unclear. We address the ambiguity of these interactions to investigate floating offshore wind's development. The interactions are divided into technological or market and can be negative ( and or positive ( and . We analyze these interaction types through a case study of offshore wind in Norway. Many positive interactions were observed, including knowledge overlaps and infrastructure compatibilities. Negative interactions include competition about future space constraints at ports, labor availability, and resistance by incumbent wind turbine manufacturers. Further, market and technological interactions are mutually influential, creating important feedback loops. Technologies can no longer be simply categorized as ‘niche’ or ‘regime’, but rather ‘niche-like’ (emerging) and ‘regime-like’ (maturing); hence, both emerging-emerging and emerging-maturing interactions occur.

中文翻译：

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合作还是竞争？挪威浮动式和固定底部海上风电之间的相互作用


在许多欧洲国家，固定底部海上风电已成为一项成熟的技术。漂浮式风电在深水领域具有巨大潜力，但需要技术和市场开发。这两种部分相关的技术如何相互作用仍不清楚。我们解决这些相互作用的模糊性，以研究浮动海上风电的发展。相互作用分为技术或市场，可以是消极的（和或积极的）。我们通过挪威海上风电的案例研究来分析这些相互作用类型。观察到许多积极的相互作用，包括知识重叠和基础设施兼容性。消极的相互作用包括未来港口空间限制、劳动力供应以及现有风力涡轮机制造商的抵制等方面的竞争此外，市场和技术的相互作用是相互影响的，从而形成了重要的反馈循环。而是“利基式”（新兴）和“体制式”（成熟）；因此，新兴-新兴和新兴-成熟的相互作用都会发生。