Earthquake-induced liquefaction is a prominent and impactful natural hazard responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. Hence, engineers and researchers are currently interested in developing methods and techniques to mitigate this destructive phenomenon. Reducing the degree of saturation is a reliable method to improve the liquefaction resistance of sandy soils since it directly influences the pore pressure build-up during seismic action. This paper reviews the mechanisms and assessment of earthquake-induced liquefaction in sandy soils with various degrees of saturation, a crucial parameter for reducing the phenomenon triggering. In addition, it presents novel approaches that delve into interpreting cyclic behaviour with diverse degrees of saturation using stress-based and energy-based approaches. The experimental results compiled and discussed show that, effectively, reducing the degree of saturation holds promise as a viable strategy for enhancing soil liquefaction resistance and mitigating associated risks. Moreover, the interpretation of cyclic behaviour addressed in this paper offers valuable insights into the reliability of interpreting methods to quantify the liquefaction resistance under several degrees of saturation (that may be achieved by desaturation or induced partial saturation techniques), contributing to strategies for resilience against earthquake-induced damages.

中文翻译：

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不同饱和度下地震诱发砂土液化的评估和解释


地震诱发的液化是一种突出且影响深远的自然灾害，在世界范围内造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，工程师和研究人员目前对开发减轻这种破坏性现象的方法和技术感兴趣。降低饱和度是提高沙质土壤抗液化性的可靠方法，因为它直接影响地震作用期间孔隙压力的积累。本文综述了不同饱和度的沙质土壤中地震诱发液化的机制和评估，这是减少现象触发的关键参数。此外，它还提出了一些新颖的方法，这些方法深入研究了使用基于压力和基于能量的方法解释具有不同饱和度的循环行为。汇编和讨论的实验结果表明，有效地降低饱和度有望成为增强土壤抗液化性和减轻相关风险的可行策略。此外，本文中涉及的对循环行为的解释为解释方法的可靠性提供了有价值的见解，以量化几个饱和度下的抗液化性（可以通过去饱和或诱导部分饱和技术实现），有助于制定抵御地震引起的损害的策略。