This work aims at enhancing the thermal efficiency of pyramid distiller solar still (PDSS). A modified version (MPDSS) was developed, featuring suspended v-steps on the vertical walls of the distiller. Additionally, the MPDSS was equipped with external reflectors (MPDSS-R) designed to concentrate solar energy, thereby potentially increasing evaporation rates. To further boost the condensation rate, three different methods were implemented and evaluated independently: an external condensation unit integrated with the MPDSS (MPDSS-C), a fixed nano-enhanced thermal storing material (NTSM) within the MPDSS (MPDSS-NTSM), and an installed Peltier device (MPDSS-P). The results indicated that the MPDSS with suspended steps achieved a significant improvement, with a 40 % increase in distillate yield over PDSS. MPDSS with reflectors resulted in a 96 % increase in yield. Moreover, integrating a Peltier device with the MPDSS led to a 148 % boost in distillate yield, while the yields increased by 139 % and 143 % when utilizing the NTSM and the condenser, respectively. Consequently, the optimal performance for the MPDSS was achieved with the combination of reflectors and the Peltier device, attaining a thermal efficiency of 53.96 % and a 148 % improvement in distillate yield. Also, the thermal efficiency of PDSS, MPDSS, MPDSS-R, MPDSS-C, MPDSS-NTSM, and MPDSS-P was 35.46 %, 42.23 %, 46.77 %, 50.89 %, 48.33 %, and 54.67 %, respectively. While the exergy efficiencies ranged from 3.44 % for the PDSS configuration to 4.87 % for the MPDSS-P configuration. Interestingly, the MPDSS-C configuration achieved an exergy efficiency of 4.64 %. The emissions for MPDSS, MPDSS-R, MPDSS-C, MPDSS-NTSM, and MPDSS-P are estimated at 15.03, 14.62, 14.09, 14.30, and 13.79 tons a year, severally. The enviroeconomic parameters were 218, 212, 204, 207, and 200 a year for MPDSS, MPDSS-R, MPDSS-C, MPDSS-NTSM, and MPDSS-P, respectively. Finally, the water expenses are as follows: $0.343/L for the PDSS, $0.292/L for the MPDSS, $0.220/L for the MPDSS-R, $0.082/L for MPDSS-P, $0.105/L for the MPDSS-C, and $0.114/L for the MPDSS-NTSM.

中文翻译：

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使用悬挂式 V 形台阶、反射器、珀耳帖冷却、强制冷凝和蓄热材料增强金字塔太阳能蒸馏器的性能


这项工作旨在提高金字塔蒸馏器太阳能蒸馏器（PDSS）的热效率。开发了改进版本 (MPDSS)，其特点是在蒸馏器的垂直壁上悬挂了 V 形台阶。此外，MPDSS 还配备了外部反射器 (MPDSS-R)，旨在集中太阳能，从而有可能提高蒸发率。为了进一步提高冷凝率，实施并独立评估了三种不同的方法：与 MPDSS 集成的外部冷凝单元 (MPDSS-C)、MPDSS 内固定的纳米增强热存储材料 (NTSM) (MPDSS-NTSM)、以及已安装的 Peltier 装置 (MPDSS-P)。结果表明，采用暂停步骤的 MPDSS 取得了显着的改进，馏分油收率比 PDSS 提高了 40%。带有反射器的 MPDSS 使产量提高了 96%。此外，将 Peltier 装置与 MPDSS 集成后，馏分油收率提高了 148%，而使用 NTSM 和冷凝器时，收率分别提高了 139% 和 143%。因此，通过反射器和 Peltier 装置的组合实现了 MPDSS 的最佳性能，热效率达到 53.96%，馏分油收率提高了 148%。此外，PDSS、MPDSS、MPDSS-R、MPDSS-C、MPDSS-NTSM 和 MPDSS-P 的热效率分别为 35.46 %、42.23 %、46.77 %、50.89 %、48.33 % 和 54.67 %。而火用效率范围从 PDSS 配置的 3.44% 到 MPDSS-P 配置的 4.87%。有趣的是，MPDSS-C 配置的火用效率达到了 4.64%。 MPDSS、MPDSS-R、MPDSS-C、MPDSS-NTSM 和 MPDSS-P 的排放量估计分别为每年 15.03、14.62、14.09、14.30 和 13.79 吨。 MPDSS、MPDSS-R、MPDSS-C、MPDSS-NTSM 和 MPDSS-P 的环境经济参数分别为每年 218、212、204、207 和 200。最后，水费如下：PDSS 0.343 美元/L，MPDSS 0.292 美元/L，MPDSS-R 0.220 美元/L，MPDSS-P 0.082 美元/L，MPDSS-C 0.105 美元/L，以及MPDSS-NTSM 为 0.114 美元/升。