The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is recognized as the world's largest and highest plateau, characterized by intricate topography and underlying surfaces. Within this region, volatile meteorological conditions and severe synoptic systems, including thunderstorms, turbulence, sandstorms, and notably low-level wind shear (LLWS), present safety hazards to aviation operations. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of wind shear at typical QTP airports is essential. Xining Caojiapu International Airport (ZLXN) serves as a crucial transportation hub in the northeastern QTP. The frequent incidence of LLWS events due to the airport's unique geographical and meteorological features makes it an ideal location for investigating LLWS on the plateau. This study analyzed 80 pilot reports collected from 2016 to 2021 to elucidate the spatial and temporal characteristics of LLWS events at this plateau-valley airport. Subsequently, reanalysis data and observations from ground automated weather observing systems (AWOS), a geostationary satellite, a Doppler weather radar (DWR), and a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) were comprehensively employed to investigate the underlying meteorological factors and weather patterns associated with these LLWS events. The findings revealed that LLWS events at ZLXN are predominantly triggered by convective systems, followed by cold fronts and downward momentum transportation, with a smaller proportion being induced by orographic winds and turbulence. Analysis of four representative LLWS events utilizing high-resolution DWL measurements provided insights into the types of LLWS generated and their potential impacts on aircraft operations. Conceptual models, aimed at establishing a foundation for the forecasting and warning of local LLWS, were also proposed based on multiple data sources.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原机场低层风切变研究


青藏高原 （QTP） 被公认为世界上最大和最高的高原，其特点是错综复杂的地形和下垫表面。在该区域内，多变的气象条件和严重的天气系统，包括雷暴、湍流、沙尘暴，尤其是低空风切变 （LLWS），对航空运行构成安全隐患。因此，对典型 QTP 机场的风切变进行全面检查至关重要。西宁曹家堡国际机场 （ZLXN） 是 QTP 东北部的重要交通枢纽。由于机场独特的地理和气象特征，LLWS 事件频繁发生，使其成为调查高原 LLWS 的理想地点。本研究分析了 2016 年至 2021 年收集的 80 份试点报告，以阐明该高原河谷机场 LLWS 事件的时空特征。随后，综合利用来自地面自动天气观测系统 （AWOS）、地球静止卫星、多普勒天气雷达 （DWR） 和多普勒测风激光雷达 （DWL） 的再分析数据和观测数据来研究与这些 LLWS 事件相关的潜在气象因素和天气模式。研究结果表明，ZLXN 的 LLWS 事件主要由对流系统触发，其次是冷锋和向下动量传输，较小比例是由地形风和湍流引起的。利用高分辨率 DWL 测量对四个具有代表性的 LLWS 事件进行分析，可以深入了解生成的 LLWS 类型及其对飞机运行的潜在影响。 还基于多个数据源提出了概念模型，旨在为本地 LLWS 的预测和预警奠定基础。