Landslide disasters pose significant threats to human life and infrastructure. The instability of a bedding landslide with locked segments results from sudden brittle failure of the locked segments. To mitigate potential threats to life and property, it is crucial to reveal the failure mechanism and identify precursor information. In this study, physical model experiments of bedding landslides with different structures were conducted, and detailed recordings were made of the high-frequency acoustic emission (AE) signals and low-frequency microseismic (MS) signals generated during failure. The dominant frequency, energy, amplitude, the phenomenon of critical slowing down of AE signals and multifractal characteristics of MS signals were analyzed. Results reveal that the failure mode of a bedding rockslide with locked segments is determined by the strength of the rock mass. High-strength landslide fails in the form of bending, whereas rockslide with low strength experience shearing failure. MS events with low dominant frequencies are less numerous but contribute a significant portion of the total energy, but events with high dominant frequencies are more numerous yet contribute only a small fraction of the energy. Furthermore, the study reveals the multifractal characteristics of the evolution process of MS signals and the critical slowing characteristics of AE signals. Based on these findings, a precursory information chain for the failure of bedding landslides with locked segments is proposed, which includes deformation displacement, multifractal characteristics of MS signals, and AE energy variance. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the failure mechanism and can help predict the final failure of bedding landslide with locked segments.

中文翻译：

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锁定段顺层滑坡地震信号特征及前兆信息


滑坡灾害对人类生命和基础设施构成重大威胁。具有锁定段的顺层滑坡的不稳定性是由于锁定段的突然脆性破坏造成的。为了减轻对生命和财产的潜在威胁，揭示故障机制并识别前兆信息至关重要。本研究对不同结构的顺层滑坡进行了物理模型实验，对破坏过程中产生的高频声发射（AE）信号和低频微震（MS）信号进行了详细记录。分析了AE信号的主频率、能量、幅度、临界减速现象以及MS信号的多重分形特征。结果表明，具有锁定段的顺层岩体滑坡的破坏模式由岩体的强度决定。高强度滑坡以弯曲破坏为主，低强度岩滑坡则以剪切破坏为主。具有低主频率的 MS 事件数量较少，但贡献了总能量的很大一部分，但具有高主频率的事件数量较多，但仅贡献了一小部分能量。此外，研究还揭示了MS信号演化过程的多重分形特征和AE信号的临界减慢特征。基于这些发现，提出了锁定段顺层滑坡破坏的前兆信息链，其中包括变形位移、MS信号的多重分形特征和AE能量方差。这些结果可能有助于更好地理解破坏机制，并有助于预测具有锁定段的顺层滑坡的最终破坏。