The co-existence of divalent tin activator and Nd3+/Yb3+ rare earths in the borate glasses were utilized and examined to achieve the effective enhancement of the useful near-infrared emission in the wide spectral region. The UV Sn2+ excitation is extremely relevant for the effectiveness of both (Nd,Yb) near-infrared emission, however, Sn-Nd energy transfer efficiency is particularly prominent. The different advantageous inter-ionic phenomena made it possible to explore the diverse energy transfer routes leading to the population of the relevant ytterbium and neodymium excited states. Consequently, adequate multi-model temperature sensing can be proposed and verified considering single-doped and co-doped borate glass systems. The dissimilar effect of temperature on the complementary Sn2+, Nd3+ and Yb3+ optical transitions was investigated in detail. Employing the temperature-dependent spectra of optically active ions, high values of temperature relative sensitivity (1.3 % K−1) were estimated especially in the physiological range (30 – 75 ⁰C).

中文翻译：

---

硼酸镧玻璃中 Nd3+/Yb3+ 发射的二价锡活化剂及其对离子间现象和测温的影响


利用并检验了硼酸盐玻璃中二价锡活化剂和Nd3+/Yb3+稀土的共存，以实现宽光谱区有用近红外发射的有效增强。 UV Sn2+激发与(Nd,Yb)近红外发射的有效性极其相关，然而，Sn-Nd能量转移效率尤为突出。不同有利的离子间现象使得探索导致相关镱和钕激发态群体的不同能量转移途径成为可能。因此，考虑单掺杂和共掺杂硼酸盐玻璃系统，可以提出并验证足够的多模型温度传感。详细研究了温度对互补 Sn2+、Nd3+ 和 Yb3+ 光学跃迁的不同影响。利用光学活性离子的温度依赖性光谱，估计了高温度相对灵敏度值 (1.3 % K−1)，特别是在生理范围 (30 – 75 ⁰C) 内。