Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L. Moench]) is among the most important cereal crops worldwide and is widely grown across Texas’ diverse geographies. While sorghum breeding programs strive to improve both profitability and adaptation of the crop, increases in grain yield are the ultimate measure of progress. Using five decades of data compiled by Texas A&M AgriLife Research, trends in grain sorghum were retrospectively assessed. Performance data from over 4094 hybrids were collected between 1970 and 2021 in a total of 514 county‐year environments. Hybrids in these trials were either commercially available or in the final stages of testing for release. A linear mixed model approach produced the best linear unbiased predictions of genotypic and environmental effects for grain yield and relevant agronomic traits. These measures, as well as the raw data, were used to inform and visualize trait dependencies, yield gains, and geographic regions with similar effects on hybrid performance. Over these decades, grain yield increased at an average rate of 0.03 t ha−1 per year. A strong positive relationship between hybrid yield and plant height, as well as several other correlations, were detected through separate periods of yield increases which occurred in the early 1980s and 1990s; since that time, a sinusoidal pattern of yield performance has prevailed. Principal component analysis clustered production regions primarily based on moisture availability. The results herein indicate that modest increases in height can increase grain yield and that available moisture is the preeminent delineator of grain sorghum production environments in Texas.

中文翻译：

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历史多环境试验揭示了 1970 年至 2021 年德克萨斯州杂交高粱性能的趋势


高粱（Sorghum bicolor [L. Moench]）是世界上最重要的谷类作物之一，在德克萨斯州的不同地区广泛种植。虽然高粱育种计划努力提高作物的盈利能力和适应性，但粮食产量的增加才是衡量进展的最终标准。利用德克萨斯农工大学农业生命研究中心汇编的五年数据，对高粱的趋势进行了回顾性评估。 1970 年至 2021 年间，在总共 514 个县年环境中收集了超过 4094 个混合动力车的性能数据。这些试验中的混合动力车要么已上市，要么处于发布测试的最后阶段。线性混合模型方法对基因型和环境对谷物产量和相关农艺性状的影响产生了最佳的线性无偏预测。这些措施以及原始数据用于告知和可视化性状依赖性、产量增益以及对混合性能具有类似影响的地理区域。几十年来，粮食产量平均每年增加0.03 t ha−1。通过 20 世纪 80 年代初和 1990 年代的不同时期的产量增加，发现杂交产量和株高之间存在很强的正相关关系，以及其他一些相关性；从那时起，正弦曲线的收益率表现就开始盛行。主成分分析主要根据水分利用率对生产区域进行聚类。本文的结果表明，高度的适度增加可以增加谷物产量，并且可用水分是德克萨斯州高粱生产环境的显着特征。