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Water-soluble and predictable-release triptolide prodrugs block bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116839
Yuhan Chen 1 , Meiyu Liang 1 , Wen Li 1 , Zhiming Yang 1 , Xingting Yan 2 , Liuying Wu 1 , Qin Yu 1 , Yubai Chen 2 , Yong Chen 1 , Yan Xu 2 , Wei Song 1 , Zhihong Peng 1
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive respiratory disease with no known cause. It is characterized by widespread inflammation and structural abnormalities in the alveoli of the lungs, ultimately leading to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Triptolide (TP), an epoxy-diterpene lactone compound known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, was limited clinical use due to poor water solubility and side effects. Two soluble TP prodrugs (PG490-88 and Minnelide) have entered clinical research. However, their activities are based on enzyme metabolism, which is influenced by species-specific differences. In this study, we present water-soluble TP derivatives synthesized by introducing ethylenediamine carbamate groups (TP-DEAs) at the 14-hydroxy position. The introduced groups were found to spontaneously convert into the parent drug through enzyme-independent metabolic conversion. The water solubility and stability of the compounds were examined in vitro. Notably, TP-DEA2 exhibited high water solubility (30.8 mg/mL), exceeding TP solubility by more than 1181-fold. In vitro, TP-DEA2 converted to TP autonomously without the involvement of enzymes. In addition, TP-DEA2 can inhibit the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM 10) induced by TGF-β1 and reduce the secretion of a-SMA in fibroblasts. In vivo, TP-DEA2 transformed into TP, effectively inhibiting fibrosis in the bleomycin group without observed toxicity. Importantly, positive outcomes when administering TP-DEA2 at a later stage post-bleomycin exposure suggest its potential role in treating IPF.

中文翻译:


水溶性和可预测释放的雷公藤甲素前药阻断博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化



特发性肺纤维化 (IPF) 是一种原因尚不清楚的进行性呼吸系统疾病。它的特点是肺泡的广泛炎症和结构异常,最终导致肺纤维化的发展。雷公藤内酯 (TP) 是一种环氧二萜内酯化合物,以其强大的抗炎和抗纤维化作用而闻名,由于水溶性和副作用差,临床使用受到限制。两种可溶性 TP 前药 (PG490-88 和 Minnelide) 已进入临床研究。然而,它们的活性基于酶代谢,而酶代谢受物种特异性差异的影响。在这项研究中,我们提出了通过在 14-羟基位置引入乙二胺氨基甲酸酯基团 (TP-DEA) 合成的水溶性 TP 衍生物。发现引入的组通过酶非依赖性代谢转化自发转化为母体药物。在体外检查化合物的水溶性和稳定性。值得注意的是,TP-DEA2 表现出高水溶性 (30.8 mg/mL),比 TP 溶解度高出 1181 倍以上。在体外,TP-DEA2 在没有酶参与的情况下自主转化为 TP。此外,TP-DEA2 可以抑制 TGF-β1 诱导的解整合素和金属蛋白酶 10 (ADAM 10) 的表达,并减少成纤维细胞中 a-SMA 的分泌。在体内,TP-DEA2 转化为 TP,有效抑制博来霉素组的纤维化,未观察到毒性。重要的是,在博来霉素暴露后的后期施用 TP-DEA2 的积极结果表明其在治疗 IPF 中的潜在作用。
更新日期:2024-09-06
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