Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(1.3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) are emerging contaminants that pervade diverse ecosystems and impair the thyroid and neural signaling pathways. The intricate interactions between thyroid and neurodevelopmental effects mediated by TPHP and TDCIPP remain elusive. This study integrates in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches to elucidate these mechanisms in Cyprinus carpio at varying temperatures. It showed that TPHP and TDCIPP hindered fish growth, particularly at low temperatures, by interfering with thyroid hormone synthesis and transport processes. Both compounds have been identified as environmental hormones that mimic thyroid hormone activity and potentially inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by brain tissue damage and disrupted cholinergic synapses, such as axon guidance and regeneration. Notably, the bioaccumulation of TPHP was 881.54 % higher than that of TDCIPP, exhibiting temperature-dependent variations with higher levels of TDCIPP at low temperatures (20.50 % and 250.84 % above optimum and high temperatures, respectively), suggesting that temperature could exacerbate the toxicity effects of OPEs. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying thyroid endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity in C. carpio. More importantly, these findings indicate that temperature affects the environmental fate and effects of TPHP and TDCIPP, which could provide an important basis for ecological environmental zoning control of emerging contaminants in the future.

中文翻译：

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鲤鱼中磷酸三苯酯和磷酸三（1.3-二氯异丙基）酯通过甲状腺激素合成诱导的温度依赖性胆碱能突触


磷酸三苯酯 （TPHP） 和磷酸三（1.3-二氯异丙基） （TDCIPP） 是新出现的污染物，它们遍布不同的生态系统并损害甲状腺和神经信号通路。TPHP 和 TDCIPP 介导的甲状腺和神经发育效应之间错综复杂的相互作用仍然难以捉摸。本研究整合了体内、体外和计算机方法，以阐明不同温度下 Cyprinus carpio 的这些机制。结果表明，TPHP 和 TDCIPP 通过干扰甲状腺激素的合成和运输过程来阻碍鱼类的生长，尤其是在低温下。这两种化合物都已被确定为模拟甲状腺激素活性并可能抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的环境激素，导致以脑组织损伤和胆碱能突触破坏为特征的神经发育障碍，例如轴突导向和再生。值得注意的是，TPHP 的生物积累率比 TDCIPP 高 881.54 %，在低温下表现出温度依赖性变化，TDCIPP 水平较高（分别比最佳温度和高温高 20.50 % 和 250.84 %），表明温度会加剧 OPE 的毒性作用。这项研究为 C. carpio 甲状腺内分泌干扰和神经发育毒性的潜在机制提供了新的思路。更重要的是，这些发现表明温度影响 TPHP 和 TDCIPP 的环境归宿和影响，这可能为未来新兴污染物的生态环境分区控制提供重要依据。