Discharge of improperly treated sulfamethoxazole (SMX) wastewater seriously threats environmental security and public health. Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactors (AnDMBRs) technology would be cost-effective for SMX wastewater treatment, considering its low cost and satisfactory treatment efficiency. The performance of AnDMBR, though demonstrated to be excellent in treating many types of wastewaters, was for the first time investigated for treating SMX wastewater. Particular efforts were devoted to elucidating the advantages of dynamic membrane (DM) and the governing mechanism responsible for DM fouling with the presence of SMX. The threshold SMX concentration for AnDMBR was found to be 90 mg/L and the AnDMBR exhibited excellent removal efficiency of COD (90.91 %) and SMX (88.95 %) as well as satisfactory acute toxicity reduction rate (88.84 %). It was noteworthy that the DM made indispensable contributions to the removal of COD (14.26 %) and SMX (22.20 %) as well as the acute reduction of toxicity (25.81 %). The presence of SMX significantly accelerated DM fouling mainly by increasing its specific resistance, which was attributed to the increased content of small particles, high-valence metal ions and EPS content (mainly hydrophobic proteins), resulting in a denser DM structure with lower porosity. Besides, the biofouling-related bacteria (Firmicutes) was found to be enriched in the DM with the presence of SMX.

中文翻译：

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处理磺胺甲噁唑废水的厌氧动态膜生物反应器：动态膜的优势及其结垢机制


处理不当的磺胺甲噁唑 （SMX） 废水排放严重威胁环境安全和公共卫生。考虑到厌氧动态膜生物反应器 （AnDMBRs） 技术的成本低且处理效率令人满意，对于 SMX 废水处理来说具有成本效益。尽管 AnDMBR 的性能在处理多种类型的废水方面表现出色，但首次在处理 SMX 废水方面进行了研究。特别努力阐明动态膜 （DM） 的优势以及在 SMX 存在下导致 DM 结垢的控制机制。AnDMBR 的阈值 SMX 浓度为 90 mg/L，AnDMBR 表现出优异的 COD 去除率 （90.91 %） 和 SMX （88.95 %）以及令人满意的急性毒性降低率 （88.84 %）。值得注意的是，DM 为去除 COD （14.26 %） 和 SMX （22.20 %） 以及急性降低毒性 （25.81 %） 做出了不可或缺的贡献。SMX 的存在主要通过增加其比电阻显着加速了 DM 结垢，这归因于小颗粒、高价金属离子和 EPS 含量（主要是疏水蛋白）含量的增加，导致 DM 结构更致密，孔隙率更低。此外，发现与 SMX 相关的细菌 （厚壁菌门） 在 DM 中富集。