Chemical anthropogenic contaminants in the marine environment pose a substantial threat to sea turtles. The current systematic review quantified the published literature on biomarkers of aquatic contamination in sea turtles. It examined the exposure and potential impacts of pollution at biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels, as indicated by these biomarkers. Eighty-seven primary peer-reviewed papers were included, most of which were published from 2013 onwards. Most studies focused on the species Chelonia mydas (n = 43 papers) and Caretta caretta (n = 36) and used blood samples for biomarker (n = 54) and chemical (n = 38) analyses. Chemical analyses were assessed alongside biomarker analyses in most studies (n = 71). Some studies indicated possible damage to the DNA, cells, oxidative balance, and reproduction of sea turtles associated with chemical contaminants as metals, emerging, and mixtures of organic pollutants. Research gaps and recommendations for future studies were addressed to help understand the toxicity of chemical pollutants in sea turtles. The purpose of this review is to contribute for supporting actions to mitigate the threats posed by pollution to these protected species, as well as to plan new studies in this research field for both conservation and biomonitoring purposes.

中文翻译：

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化学污染对海龟影响的系统评价：来自水生污染生物标志物的见解


海洋环境中的化学人为污染物对海龟构成重大威胁。目前的系统评价量化了已发表的关于海龟水生污染生物标志物的文献。正如这些生物标志物所表明的那样，它检查了污染在生化、分子和细胞水平上的暴露和潜在影响。纳入了 87 篇主要的同行评审论文，其中大多数是在 2013 年以后发表的。大多数研究集中在 Chelonia mydas （n = 43 篇论文） 和 Caretta caretta （n = 36） 物种上，并使用血液样本进行生物标志物 （n = 54） 和化学 （n = 38） 分析。在大多数研究中，化学分析与生物标志物分析一起进行评估 （n = 71）。一些研究表明，与金属、新兴和有机污染物混合物等化学污染物相关的海龟的 DNA、细胞、氧化平衡和繁殖可能会受到损害。解决了研究差距和对未来研究的建议，以帮助了解化学污染物对海龟的毒性。本次审查的目的是为支持减轻污染对这些受保护物种构成的威胁的行动做出贡献，并计划在该研究领域进行新的研究，以用于保护和生物监测目的。