Claims about unawareness are abundant in attitude research. This article provides an analysis of evidence regarding three aspects of an attitude of which people may lack awareness: (a) the attitude itself, (b) its environmental causes, and (c) its behavioral effects. Our analysis reveals that, despite widespread claims of unawareness of the three aspects, strong empirical evidence for these claims is surprisingly scarce. The article concludes with a discussion of the most likely aspects of attitudes that people may be unaware of; their relation to contextual factors that might influence evaluative responses outside of awareness; open questions about the (un)awareness of attitudes, their environmental causes, and their behavioral effects; and methodological recommendations for future research that aims to provide more compelling evidence for aspects of attitudes that may evade awareness.

中文翻译：

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对态度、其环境原因及其行为影响的无知


在态度研究中，关于无意识的说法比比皆是。本文分析了人们可能缺乏意识的态度的三个方面的证据：（a） 态度本身，（b） 其环境原因，以及 （c） 其行为影响。我们的分析表明，尽管人们普遍声称对这三个方面一无所知，但支持这些说法的有力实证却出奇地稀缺。文章最后讨论了人们可能不知道的态度中最可能的方面;它们与可能影响意识之外的评价反应的背景因素的关系;关于态度的（未）意识、其环境原因及其行为影响的开放性问题;以及为未来研究提供的方法论建议，旨在为可能逃避意识的态度方面提供更令人信服的证据。