Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are among the most successful organic electronic devices so far. They currently dominate the mobile display market and are expanding into a broad range of lighting, automotive and wearable device applications. Here we introduce a new class of organic light-emitting device that exhibits bistability owing to positive photonic feedback between an organic photodiode and a tandem OLED integrated in the same layer stack. These unusual devices display giant hysteresis in both their current and light emission, and respond sensitively to low-level external illumination, enabling optoelectronic upconversion with 100-fold photon-to-photon gain. Given their compatibility with existing OLED materials and manufacturing lines, these devices could find near-term use in new types of display and upconversion imaging applications, as well as offer a new platform for neuromorphic optoelectronics and image recognition.

有机发光二极管（OLED）是迄今为止最成功的有机电子器件之一。它们目前在移动显示市场占据主导地位，并正在扩展到广泛的照明、汽车和可穿戴设备应用。在这里，我们介绍一种新型有机发光器件，由于集成在同一层堆叠中的有机光电二极管和串联 OLED 之间的正光子反馈，该器件表现出双稳定性。这些不寻常的器件在电流和光发射方面都表现出巨大的迟滞，并对低水平的外部照明做出灵敏的响应，从而实现具有 100 倍光子到光子增益的光电上转换。鉴于它们与现有 OLED 材料和生产线的兼容性，这些设备近期可以用于新型显示和上转换成像应用，并为神经形态光电和图像识别提供新平台。