Anode-less all-solid-state batteries (ALASSBs) offer unparalleled energy density and enhanced safety. ALASSB cells usually incorporate a protective layer on the anode current collector to stabilize lithium (Li) deposition, yet are liable to short-circuiting even at low current densities. Here we report a nanobilayer comprising tungsten (W) and magnesium (Mg) with a total thickness of 230 nm for anode protection. The upper lithiophobic (Li-insoluble) W layer induces highly dense Li deposits underneath through its high interfacial energy, whereas the lower lithiophilic Mg layer nucleates Li for uniform Li deposition. Even at room temperature and low stack pressure (2 MPa), an energy density of 1100 W h L⁻¹ and 71.9% retention after 300 cycles are demonstrated in a pouch-type full-cell. Furthermore, the effect of lithio-amphiphilicity is validated for other Li-insoluble metals, proving the versatility of the concept. This study unveils a simple yet effective approach for short-circuit-free cycling at high current densities, a challenging achievement for ALASSBs.

中文翻译：

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用于低堆压下运行的高能量密度无阳极全固态电池的锂两亲性纳米双层


无阳极全固态电池 (ALASSB) 提供无与伦比的能量密度和增强的安全性。 ALASSB 电池通常在阳极集流体上加入保护层以稳定锂 (Li) 沉积，但即使在低电流密度下也容易发生短路。在这里，我们报道了一种由钨 (W) 和镁 (Mg) 组成的纳米双层，总厚度为 230 nm，用于阳极保护。上层疏锂（不溶锂）W层通过其高界面能诱导下方高密度的锂沉积，而下层亲锂镁层则使锂成核以实现均匀的锂沉积。即使在室温和低电堆压力（2 MPa）下，袋型全电池的能量密度仍为 1100 W h L ^{-1 ，}并且在 300 次循环后仍具有 71.9% 的保留率。此外，锂两亲性的效果对于其他锂不溶性金属也得到了验证，证明了该概念的多功能性。这项研究揭示了一种在高电流密度下实现无短路循环的简单而有效的方法，这对于 ALASSB 来说是一项具有挑战性的成就。