Recent research shows that, even under direct insertion, loan verbs are subject to constraints: for instance, they enter non-finite categories more readily than finite categories. To deepen our understanding of such loan word accommodation biases we investigate two contact situations to test whether biases hold in contact between closely related languages. A corpus study on Norse and French loan verbs entering Middle English compares the proportions of their finite and non-finite usage to gauge the impact of etymology and temporal distance to direct contact on loan integration. We identify significant bias towards non-finite use for both etymologies, but it is stronger for French than for Norse loan verbs. This suggests that biases are stronger in some contexts than in others: they are more prominent at a smaller temporal distance to direct contact and in contact between languages that are less closely related.

中文翻译：

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借用动词适应：中古英语中古挪威语和法语的比较


最近的研究表明，即使在直接插入的情况下，借用动词也受到限制：例如，它们比有限类别更容易进入非有限类别。为了加深我们对这种借词适应偏差的理解，我们研究了两种接触情况，以测试密切相关的语言之间的接触是否存在偏差。对进入中古英语的挪威语和法语借用动词进行的语料库研究比较了它们的有限和非有限用法的比例，以衡量词源和直接接触的时间距离对借用整合的影响。我们发现这两种词源都对非限定使用存在重大偏见，但法语的这种倾向比挪威语借用动词的倾向更强。这表明，在某些情况下，偏见比在其他情况下更严重：在直接接触的时间距离较小以及关系不太密切的语言之间的接触中，偏见更加突出。