Focused ultrasound is a platform technology capable of eliciting a wide range of biological responses with high spatial precision deep within the body. Although focused ultrasound is already in clinical use for focal thermal ablation of tissue, there has been a recent growth in development and translation of ultrasound-mediated nonthermal therapies. These approaches exploit the physical forces of ultrasound to produce a range of biological responses dependent on exposure conditions. This review discusses recent advances in four application areas that have seen particular growth and have immense clinical potential: brain drug delivery, neuromodulation, focal tissue destruction, and endogenous immune system activation. Owing to the maturation of transcranial ultrasound technology, the brain is a major target organ; however, clinical indications outside the brain are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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利用超声的机械效应进行无创治疗


聚焦超声是一种平台技术，能够在体内深处以高空间精度引发广泛的生物反应。尽管聚焦超声已经在临床上用于组织的局灶性热消融，但最近超声介导的非热疗法的开发和转化有所增长。这些方法利用超声波的物理力，根据暴露条件产生一系列生物反应。本文讨论了四个应用领域的最新进展，这些领域已经取得了特别的增长并具有巨大的临床潜力：脑药物递送、神经调控、局灶性组织破坏和内源性免疫系统激活。由于经颅超声技术的成熟，大脑是一个主要的靶器官;然而，也讨论了大脑以外的临床适应症。