We revisit the flux of chameleons (light scalar particles which could play a role in the dark energy phenomenon) produced in the interior of the Sun. Our novel analysis incorporates various important details and new processes that have previously been overlooked, including the impact of the bulk magnetic field profile, as well as Primakoff production of chameleons in the electric fields of electrons and ions. In this paper we consider only the contributions of transverse photons. The production of chameleons from longitudinal electromagnetic excitations will be presented in a dedicated follow-up work. Demanding that the total flux of chameleons does not exceed 3% of the solar luminosity leads to the stringent upper limit on the chameleon-photon conformal coupling ${\beta }_{\gamma }\lesssim {10}^{10}$, assuming that the height of the chameleon potential is set to the dark energy scale $\mathrm{\Lambda }=2.4\mathrm{meV}$, and independently of other couplings to matter. Although this bound is tighter than current upper limits on ${\beta }_{\gamma }$ from the CAST helioscope, these limits will have to be reassessed in terms of the updated solar chameleon flux we have computed. We argue that solar chameleons, potentially detectable in next-generation helioscopes such as IAXO, can be used to probe a region of chameleon parameter space that has yet to be covered.

中文翻译：

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太阳能变色龙：新渠道


我们重新审视太阳内部产生的变色龙（可能在暗能量现象中发挥作用的光标量粒子）的通量。我们的新颖分析融合了以前被忽视的各种重要细节和新过程，包括体磁场分布的影响，以及电子和离子电场中变色龙的 Primakoff 产生。在本文中，我们仅考虑横向光子的贡献。通过纵向电磁激励产生变色龙将在专门的后续工作中介绍。要求变色龙的总通量不超过太阳光度的3%，导致变色龙-光子共形耦合有严格的上限 ${\beta }_{\gamma }\lesssim {10}^{10}$ ，假设变色龙势的高度设置为暗能量尺度 $\mathrm{\Lambda }=2.4\mathrm{meV}$ ，并且与其他耦合无关。尽管这个界限比当前的上限更严格 ${\beta }_{\gamma }$ 根据 CAST 日光镜，必须根据我们计算的更新的太阳变色龙通量重新评估这些限制。我们认为，可以在 IAXO 等下一代日光镜中检测到的太阳变色龙，可以用来探测尚未被覆盖的变色龙参数空间区域。