We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and study their applications for the description of the mechanical properties such as the pressure, shear force distributions, and the mechanical radius of the proton from its light-front wave functions (LFWFs) based on basis light-front quantization (BLFQ). The LFWFs of the proton are given by the lowest eigenvector of a light-front effective Hamiltonian that incorporates a three-dimensional confining potential and a one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling between the constituent quarks solved in the valence Fock sector. We find acceptable agreement between our BLFQ computations and the lattice QCD for the GFFs. Our $D$-term form factor also agrees well with the extracted data from the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiments at Jefferson Lab, and the results of different phenomenological models. The distributions of pressures and shear forces are similar to those from different models.

中文翻译：

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质子中夸克的引力形状因子和机械特性：一种基本的光前量子化方法


我们计算重力形状因子 (GFF) 并研究它们在描述机械特性方面的应用，例如基于基光的光前波函数 (LFWF) 的质子的压力、剪切力分布和机械半径-前量化（BLFQ）。质子的 LFWF 由光锋有效哈密顿量的最低特征向量给出，该哈密顿量结合了三维限制势和一胶子交换相互作用，以及在价态福克扇区中解决的组成夸克之间的固定耦合。我们发现 BLFQ 计算和点阵 QC 之间存在可接受的一致性 $D$ 对于 GFF。我们的 D 项形状因子也与杰斐逊实验室深度虚拟康普顿散射实验提取的数据以及不同唯象模型的结果非常吻合。压力和剪力的分布与不同模型的分布相似。