Distributed Outsourced Storage systems, exemplified by the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), offer compelling alternatives to traditional centralized cloud storage by emphasizing resilience and openness. Advancing this paradigm, Decentralized Storage (DS) markets leverage distributed ledgers to facilitate the monetization of outsourced storage. However, these markets often prioritize security over cost-efficiency, leading to high costs in existing DS markets. In our work, we introduce a middleware service, DWare, utilizing trusted hardware to balance security and cost efficiency. DWare offers two key advantages: 1) It enhances storage auditing efficiency by delegating computational tasks and standardizing the batched audit process. This approach offers a more feasible solution for validating outsourced storage with recurring pay-offs. 2) It implements secure and verifiable data deduplication, thereby increasing storage efficiency and reducing operational costs. This step, commonplace in cloud storage services, remains largely unexplored in current DS designs. While DWare could empirically reduce costs to levels near raw storage fees, it entails certain security concessions due to middleware involvement. To address this, we propose a hybrid trust security model, granting data owners the flexibility to adjust the security-cost balance as needed.

中文翻译：

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DWare：具有自适应中间件的经济高效的去中心化存储


以星际文件系统 (IPFS) 为代表的分布式外包存储系统通过强调弹性和开放性，为传统集中式云存储提供了令人信服的替代方案。为了推进这一范式，去中心化存储（DS）市场利用分布式账本来促进外包存储的货币化。然而，这些市场往往优先考虑安全性而不是成本效率，导致现有 DS 市场成本高昂。在我们的工作中，我们引入了中间件服务 DWare，利用可信硬件来平衡安全性和成本效率。 DWare 具有两个关键优势：1）它通过委派计算任务和标准化批量审核流程来提高存储审核效率。这种方法为验证具有经常性回报的外包存储提供了更可行的解决方案。 2）实现安全、可验证的重复数据删除，从而提高存储效率并降低运营成本。这一步骤在云存储服务中很常见，但在当前的 DS 设计中很大程度上仍未得到探索。虽然 DWare 可以根据经验将成本降低到接近原始存储费用的水平，但由于中间件的参与，它需要一定的安全让步。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种混合信任安全模型，使数据所有者能够根据需要灵活地调整安全成本平衡。