Brackish water (BW) irrigation may cause soil quality deterioration and thereby a decrease in crop yields. Here we examined the impacts of applying gasification filter cake (GFC), intercropping with (PO), and their combination on soil quality, nutrient uptake by plants and tomato yields under BW irrigation. The treatments evaluated included (i) freshwater irrigation (Control), (ii) BW irrigation, (iii) GFC application under BW irrigation (BW + GFC), (iv) intercropping with PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO), and (v) the combined application of GFC and PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO + GFC). Overall, the use of BW for irrigation resulted in a decline in both soil quality (assessed by a soil quality index (SQI) integrating a wide range of key soil properties including salinity, nutrient availability and microbial activities) and crop yields. Nevertheless, when subjected to BW irrigation, the application of GFC successfully prevented soil salinity. Additionally, the intercropping of PO decreased the soil sodium adsorption ratio and improved the absorption of nutrients by plants. As a result, the BW + GFC + PO treatment generally showed higher tomato yield as compared to other BW-related treatments (i.e. BW, BW + GFC and BW + PO). Compared to BW, the BW + GFC + PO treatment had an average increase of 24.7% in the total fruit yield of four Cropping Seasons. Furthermore, the BW + GFC + PO treatment consistently exhibited the highest fruit quality index (FQI). Taken together, the combined application of GFC and PO is effective in promoting soil quality and crop yields under BW irrigation.

中文翻译：

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气化滤饼与马齿苋配施提高微咸水灌溉土壤质量和番茄产量


苦咸水（BW）灌溉可能会导致土壤质量恶化，从而导致农作物产量下降。在这里，我们研究了应用气化滤饼 (GFC)、间作 (PO) 及其组合对 BW 灌溉下土壤质量、植物养分吸收和番茄产量的影响。评估的处理包括（i）淡水灌溉（对照），（ii）BW灌溉，（iii）BW灌溉下使用GFC（BW + GFC），（iv）BW灌溉下与PO间作（BW + PO），以及（ v) BW 灌溉下 GFC 和 PO 的联合应用（BW + PO + GFC）。总体而言，使用生物水进行灌溉导致土壤质量（通过土壤质量指数（SQI）评估，综合了盐度、养分利用率和微生物活动等一系列关键土壤特性）和作物产量下降。然而，当进行 BW 灌溉时，GFC 的应用成功地防止了土壤盐碱化。此外，间作PO降低了土壤钠吸附率，提高了植物对养分的吸收。因此，与其他 BW 相关处理（即 BW、BW + GFC 和 BW + PO）相比，BW + GFC + PO 处理通常显示出更高的番茄产量。与BW相比，BW+GFC+PO处理四季果实总产量平均增产24.7%。此外，BW + GFC + PO 处理始终表现出最高的果实品质指数（FQI）。综上所述，GFC 和 PO 的联合应用可有效提高 BW 灌溉下的土壤质量和作物产量。