The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) exerts significant influence on the climate of the Pacific region and East Asia. In this study, we systematically examined the responses of the WPSH intensity and position to regional sea surface temperature (SST) changes using idealized SST patch experiments with a climate model. Our findings reveal that the WPSH intensity is most sensitive to northern tropical SST during the boreal summer. Specifically, warming in the tropical Indian Ocean, eastern Pacific, and tropical North Atlantic contributes to a strengthening of the WPSH, whereas warming in the tropical western Pacific leads to its weakening. SST warming enhances local convergence and convection, which can modify the WPSH intensity via modulating the strength of tropical zonal circulation. Additionally, it is found that the SST-induced enhancement (weakening) of the WPSH is always accompanied with a westward extension (eastward retreat) of the WPSH. Furthermore, the response of the WPSH to tropical SST changes exhibits nonnegligible nonlinearity, which indicates the importance of multi-ocean interaction in determining the WPSH response to global surface warming.

中文翻译：

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西太平洋副热带高压对区域海面温度变化的敏感性


西太平洋副热带高压 （WPSH） 对太平洋地区和东亚的气候产生重大影响。在这项研究中，我们使用气候模型的理想化 SST 斑块实验系统地研究了 WPSH 强度和位置对区域海面温度 （SST） 变化的响应。我们的研究结果表明，在北方夏季，WPSH 强度对北部热带 SST 最敏感。具体来说，热带印度洋、东太平洋和热带北大西洋的变暖有助于 WPSH 的加强，而热带西太平洋的变暖导致其减弱。海温变暖增强了局部辐合和对流，这可以通过调节热带纬向环流的强度来改变 WPSH 强度。此外，研究发现 SST 诱导的 WPSH 增强（减弱）总是伴随着 WPSH 的向西延伸（向东退）。此外，水浸湿地对热带海温变化的响应表现出不可忽略的非线性，这表明多洋相互作用在确定水浸水对全球地表变暖的响应中的重要性。