Urban wetlands are reported to be ideal habitats for accumulation of HMs and MPs. However, study on combined pollution of HMs and MPs in soil is rare in urban wetland environment. In this study, the characteristics of HMs and MPs in the soils of the Qionghai Lake wetland in southwest China were studied by using ICP–MS, and FTIR. The results showed that the average concentration of HMs in soil ranges from 0.84 to 552.75 (mg/kg). According to the EF and Igeo analysis results, Cd and Cr in the soil were significant enriched (EF=12.64) and moderately enriched (EF=2.09), and were at the moderate to heavy pollution level (Igeo = 2.83) and the unpolluted to moderate pollution level (Igeo = 0.23), and the other elements were at a low level. MPs are emerging micropollutants in the soil environment, and the abundance (pieces/g) of MPs in the soil was 3.90, 7.00, 3.10, 3.40, 14.80, and 1.10 at Stations M1, M2, M3, M4, M8, and M9, respectively, with an average of 5.55 ± 4.92. Films represented the main microplastic shape, accounting for 81.55 %, followed by fibers, accounting for 11.33 %. The proportion of MPs with a particle size of 0.1–0.5 mm is the highest. Black, blue, and green are the predominant colors found in MPs. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the main MP materials based on FTIR identification, accounting for 52.16 % and 42.31 % of the total MPs, respectively. The pollution load index (PLI) of MPs was 2.2, which is a level Ⅰ pollution. The research on HMs and MPs in urban wetland soil is still in its preliminary stage. Our aim is to offer a fresh perspective for evaluating the pollution status and risk associated with these two pollutants in urban wetland soil, while also providing a valuable reference for subsequent studies on wetland soil pollutants.

中文翻译：

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西南琼海湖湿地土壤中重金属和微塑料的污染水平及分布特征


据报道，城市湿地是 HMs 和 MP 积累的理想栖息地。然而，在城市湿地环境中，土壤中 HMs 和 MPs 的联合污染研究很少见。本研究采用 ICP-MS 和 FTIR 技术对西南琼海湖湿地土壤中 HMs 和 MPs 的特征进行了研究。结果表明，土壤中 HMs 的平均浓度范围为 0.84 至 552.75 （mg/kg）。根据 EF 和 Igeo 分析结果，土壤中 Cd 和 Cr 显著富集 （EF=12.64） 和中度富集 （EF=2.09），处于中重度污染水平 （Igeo = 2.83） 和未污染至中度污染水平 （Igeo = 0.23），其他元素处于低水平。MPS 是土壤环境中新出现的微污染物，M1、M2、M3、M4、M8 和 M9 站点土壤中 MPS 的丰度（块/g）分别为 3.90、7.00、3.10、3.40、14.80 和 1.10，平均值分别为 5.55 ± 4.92。薄膜以微塑料为主，占 81.55 %，其次是纤维，占 11.33 %。粒径为 0.1-0.5 mm 的 MP 的比例最高。黑色、蓝色和绿色是 MP 中的主要颜色。聚乙烯 （PE） 和聚丙烯 （PP） 是基于 FTIR 鉴定的主要 MP 材料，分别占 MP 总量的 52.16% 和 42.31%。MPS的污染负荷指数（PLI）为2.2，属于I.级污染。城市湿地土壤中 HMs 和 MPs 的研究仍处于初级阶段。我们的目标是为评价城市湿地土壤中这两种污染物的污染现状和风险提供新的视角，同时也为后续湿地土壤污染物的研究提供有价值的参考。