The increase in the body weight of animals, a pivotal indicator closely tied to production, is important to the aquaculture industry. Despite remarkable variability in gut microbiomes, which are intricately associated with their hosts and affect overall performance, fitness, and physiological outcomes, across individuals and species, the development and practical application of gut microbiota modulation in aquaculture remain underdeveloped. In this review, we systematically examine the advancements with a focus on the gut microbiomes of aquatic animals with different growth rates by literature search, summarizing the existing knowledge regarding the diversity, composition, and significance of the microbiome in individual growth. The comparative analysis reveals substantial alterations in the gut microbiome that correspond to changes in the growth rate of aquatic animals, with a species bias toward more carnivorous fish, and shrimps and sea cucumbers in nonfish species. The present review also discusses comparative gut microbiome research in aquaculture as an emerging field with great potential for advancing our understanding of animal growth, screening candidate probiotics, and facilitating microbiome modulation strategies. Besides, the present gaps in the knowledge of the gut microbiome associated with the growth and production of farmed animals have been highlighted. We propose potential directions to address emerging challenges and opportunities in this field, such as priority effects on gut microbiome establishment, especially in the early stage, and screening of host-derived probiotics across various aquatic animals. Finally, we provide a conceptual framework for enhancing animal farming practices in aquaculture through intensified gut microbiome research.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组的潜在功能和改善水生动物生长的调节策略


动物体重的增加是与产量密切相关的关键指标，对水产养殖业很重要。尽管肠道微生物组存在显着差异，肠道微生物组与其宿主错综复杂地相关，并影响个体和物种的整体性能、健康和生理结果，但肠道微生物群调节在水产养殖中的开发和实际应用仍然不发达。在这篇综述中，我们通过文献检索系统地研究了不同生长速度的水生动物肠道微生物组的进展，总结了有关微生物组在个体生长中的多样性、组成和意义的现有知识。比较分析揭示了肠道微生物组的重大变化，这些变化与水生动物生长速度的变化相对应，物种偏向于肉食性更强的鱼类，以及非鱼类物种中的虾和海参。本综述还讨论了水产养殖中的肠道微生物组比较研究，这是一个新兴领域，在促进我们对动物生长的理解、筛选候选益生菌和促进微生物组调节策略方面具有巨大潜力。此外，目前与养殖动物生长和生产相关的肠道微生物组知识的差距也得到了凸显。我们提出了应对该领域新出现的挑战和机遇的潜在方向，例如对肠道微生物组建立的优先影响，尤其是在早期阶段，以及在各种水生动物中筛选宿主衍生的益生菌。最后，我们提供了一个概念框架，通过加强肠道微生物组研究来加强水产养殖中的动物养殖实践。