Spatial regulation of RNA plays a critical role in gene expression regulation and cellular function. Understanding spatially resolved RNA dynamics and translation is vital for bringing new insights into biological processes such as embryonic development, neurobiology, and disease pathology. This review explores past studies in subcellular, cellular, and tissue-level spatial RNA biology driven by diverse methodologies, ranging from cell fractionation, in situ and proximity labeling, imaging, spatially indexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, and spatially informed computational modeling. Particularly, recent advances have been made for near-genome-scale profiling of RNA and multimodal biomolecules at high spatial resolution. These methods enabled new discoveries into RNA’s spatiotemporal kinetics, RNA processing, translation status, and RNA-protein interactions in cells and tissues. The evolving landscape of experimental and computational strategies reveals the complexity and heterogeneity of spatial RNA biology with subcellular resolution, heralding new avenues for RNA biology research.

中文翻译：

---

原位 RNA 生物学的空间组学进展


RNA 的空间调控在基因表达调控和细胞功能中起关键作用。了解空间分辨的 RNA 动力学和翻译对于为胚胎发育、神经生物学和疾病病理学等生物过程带来新的见解至关重要。本文探讨了过去由多种方法驱动的亚细胞、细胞和组织水平空间 RNA 生物学研究，包括细胞分离、原位和邻近标记、成像、空间索引下一代测序 （NGS） 方法和空间信息计算建模。特别是，在高空间分辨率下对 RNA 和多模态生物分子进行近基因组规模分析方面取得了最新进展。这些方法使人们对 RNA 的时空动力学、RNA 加工、翻译状态以及细胞和组织中的 RNA-蛋白质相互作用有了新的发现。实验和计算策略的不断发展揭示了具有亚细胞分辨率的空间 RNA 生物学的复杂性和异质性，预示着 RNA 生物学研究的新途径。