Exposure to mercury (Hg) through fish consumption poses significant environmental and public health risks, given its status as one of the top ten hazardous chemicals. Aquaculture is expanding, driving a surge in demand for sustainable aquafeeds. Tuna byproducts, which are rich in protein, offer potential for aquafeed production, yet their use is challenged by the high content of heavy metals, particularly Hg. However, these byproducts also contain elevated levels of selenium (Se), which may counteract Hg adverse effects. This study examines the fate of dietary Hg and Se in an aquaculture model fish. Biomolecular speciation analyses through hyphenated analytical approaches were conducted on the water-soluble protein fraction of key organs of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to various combinations of Hg and Se species, including diets containing tuna byproducts, over a six-month period. The findings shed light on the dynamics of Hg and Se compounds in fish revealing potential Hg detoxification mechanisms through complexation with Hg-biomolecules, such as cysteine, glutathione, and metallothionein. Furthermore, the trophic transfer of selenoneine is demonstrated, revealing novel opportunities for sustainable aquafeed production. Understanding the interactions between Hg and Se in aquaculture systems is crucial for optimizing feed formulations and mitigating environmental risks. This research contributes to the broader goal of advancing sustainable practices in aquaculture while addressing food security challenges.

中文翻译：

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探索鱼类中的汞解毒：金枪鱼副产品饮食中的硒在可持续水产养殖中的作用


鉴于鱼类是十大危险化学品之一，通过鱼类摄入汞 （Hg） 会带来重大的环境和公共卫生风险。水产养殖业正在扩大，推动了对可持续水产饲料的需求激增。金枪鱼副产品富含蛋白质，具有生产水产饲料的潜力，但其使用受到重金属（尤其是汞）含量高的挑战。然而，这些副产品还含有高水平的硒 （Se），这可能会抵消 Hg 的不利影响。本研究考察了水产养殖模式鱼中膳食 Hg 和 Se 的命运。通过联用分析方法对暴露于 Hg 和 Se 物种的各种组合（包括含有金枪鱼副产品的饮食）的幼年虹鳟鱼 （Oncorhynchus mykiss） 关键器官的水溶性蛋白质组分进行生物分子形态分析，为期六个月。这些发现揭示了鱼类中 Hg 和 Se 化合物的动力学，揭示了通过与 Hg 生物分子（如半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和金属硫蛋白）络合的潜在 Hg 解毒机制。此外，还证明了硒烯酮的营养转移，为可持续水产饲料生产提供了新的机会。了解水产养殖系统中 Hg 和 Se 之间的相互作用对于优化饲料配方和降低环境风险至关重要。这项研究有助于实现在应对粮食安全挑战的同时推进水产养殖可持续实践的更广泛目标。