Antibiotic resistance can be transferred into the food chain, leading to increased risks to human health from ready-to-eat vegetables. Mitigating the transmission of antibiotic resistance from soil to vegetables by green materials is of great significance. Here, we deciphered the roles of biochar and theaflavins in mitigating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ARPs) in a soil-lettuce continuum. Metagenomic results showed that biochar led to a significant decrease in the abundance of ARGs in lettuce leaves, while theaflavins contributed to a significant reduction in the diversity and abundance of ARGs in soil, particularly targeting dominant ARG types such as sulfonamide and aminoglycoside resistance genes. Meanwhile, biochar and theaflavins alleviated the potential mobility of ARGs, in lettuce leaves and soil, respectively, including the spread of ARGs to human pathogens. In addition, the diversity of ARG hosts was reduced in the soil-lettuce continuum and ARPs were not detected in lettuce leaves after the application of biochar or theaflavins. Overall, this study provides a novel perspective on green materials for mitigating the antibiotic resistome and ARPs in the soil-lettuce continuum, contributing to food security and human health.

中文翻译：

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生物炭和茶黄素减轻土壤-生菜连续体中的抗生素耐药组和抗生素耐药病原体


抗生素耐药性可转移到食物链中，导致即食蔬菜对人类健康的风险增加。通过绿色材料减轻抗生素耐药性从土壤到蔬菜的传播具有重要意义。在这里，我们破译了生物炭和茶黄素在减轻土壤-生菜连续体中抗生素耐药基因 （ARG） 和抗生素耐药病原体 （ARPs） 中的作用。宏基因组学结果表明，生物炭导致生菜叶片中 ARGs 的丰度显著降低，而茶黄素导致土壤中 ARGs 的多样性和丰度显著降低，特别是针对磺胺类和氨基糖苷类抗性基因等主要 ARG 类型。同时，生物炭和茶黄素分别减轻了 ARGs 在生菜叶和土壤中的潜在流动性，包括 ARGs 向人类病原体的传播。此外，在土壤-生菜连续体中 ARG 宿主的多样性降低，并且在施用生物炭或茶黄素后，在生菜叶片中未检测到 ARPs。总体而言，本研究为减轻土壤-生菜连续体中的抗生素耐药组和 ARPs 的绿色材料提供了新的视角，有助于粮食安全和人类健康。