Probing the Local Rapidity Distribution of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas,Physical Review Letters

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Probing the Local Rapidity Distribution of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-09-12 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.113402
L. Dubois _{1,

2} , G. Thémèze _{1,

2} , F. Nogrette _{1,

2} , J. Dubail _{3,

4} , I. Bouchoule _{1,

2}

Affiliation

One-dimensional Bose gases with contact repulsive interactions are characterized by the presence of infinite-lifetime quasiparticles whose momenta are called the “rapidities.” Here, we develop a probe of the local rapidity distribution, based on the fact that rapidities are the asymptotic momenta of the particles after a long one-dimensional expansion. This is done by performing an expansion of a selected slice of the gas. We first apply this idea to a cloud in the quasicondensate regime at equilibrium in a trap. We obtain an experimental picture of the position-dependent rapidity distribution which is in fair agreement with the theory prediction. The asymptotic regime is barely reached, but we show that finite expansion time can be taken into account using the generalized hydrodynamics theory. We then apply this local probe to an out-of-equilibrium situation where the local rapidity distribution is expected to be doubly peaked—a hallmark of a nonthermal state—even though the global rapidity distribution would possess no such distinctive feature. We observe the doubly peaked local rapidity distribution.

中文翻译：

探测一维玻色气体的局部快速分布

具有接触排斥相互作用的一维玻色气体的特征是存在无限寿命的准粒子，其动量被称为“快速度”。在这里，我们基于速度是粒子经过长时间一维膨胀后的渐近动量这一事实，开发了局部速度分布的探针。这是通过对选定的气体片段进行膨胀来完成的。我们首先将这个想法应用于陷阱中处于平衡状态的准凝结态的云。我们获得了与位置相关的速度分布的实验图，该图与理论预测相当一致。勉强达到渐近状态，但我们表明可以使用广义流体动力学理论考虑有限膨胀时间。然后，我们将这种局部探测应用于不平衡的情况，其中局部速度分布预计将出现双峰（非热状态的标志），尽管全局速度分布不具有这种独特的特征。我们观察到双峰局部速度分布。

更新日期：2024-09-12

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